Emerging heterogeneous catalysts for biomass conversion: studies of the reaction mechanism

Abstract

This review analyses the reaction mechanisms for the conversion of biomass and derivatives studied by inelastic neutron scattering, synchrotron X-ray diffraction, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, NMR, isotope-labelling and computational techniques.

Atom Doping Engineering of Metal/Carbon Catalysts for Biomass Hydrodeoxygenation

“…In addition, a combination of different characterization techniques such as IR, XRD, XPS, NMR, and high-resolution electron microscopy can also be used to gain dynamic changes and atomic-scale insight of the catalysts beyond the surface science. 181…”

“…Also, spherical aberration-corrected and HAADF-STEM can observe the ultrafine clusters or even isolated atoms, which can effectively avoid missing possible active sites. In addition, a combination of different characterization techniques such as IR, XRD, XPS, NMR, and high-resolution electron microscopy can also be used to gain dynamic changes and atomic-scale insight of the catalysts beyond the surface science …”

Catalytic Conversion of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural to High‐Value Derivatives by Selective Activation of C−O, C=O, and C=C Bonds

“…[6b] Lin et al gathered mechanistic insight via advanced in-situ technologies and density functional theory calculations to discuss the underlying structure-dependency of heterogeneous catalysts in HMF transforming into C 5 /C 6 liquid alkanes, DMF, FDCA, and 1,6-HD. [15] Kong et al have also summarized the recent advances in the development of heterogeneous catalytic systems for HMF upgrading into material monomers, fuels, and pharmaceutical intermediates. [7] Nowadays, catalytic upgrading of HMF is still an area of active research and discussion with an increasing number of publications.…”

“…Lin et al. gathered mechanistic insight via advanced in‐situ technologies and density functional theory calculations to discuss the underlying structure‐dependency of heterogeneous catalysts in HMF transforming into C 5 /C 6 liquid alkanes, DMF, FDCA, and 1,6‐HD [15] . Kong et al.…”

Homogeneous Catalyzed Valorization of Furanics: A Sustainable Bridge to Fuels and Chemicals

“…Hence, there is great interest in valorizing biomass to value-added compounds. Towards this end, new catalytic processes with higher efficiencies, greater tolerance to diverse biomass feedstock, and longer catalyst lifetimes require significant development across disciplines [4,5].…”