Emerging drugs for the treatment of vitiligo

Karagaiah, Priyanka; Valle, Yan; Sigova, Julia; Zerbinati, Nicola; Vojvodić, Petar; Parsad, Davinder; Schwartz, Robert A.; Grabbe, Stephan; Goldust, Mohamad; Lotti, Torello

doi:10.1080/14728214.2020.1712358

“…This includes evaluating depigmentation, and the persistence of Tregs and melanocytes in the skin. Adoptive transfer of antigenspecific Tregs may offer an exciting opportunity to halt depigmentation and to complement up-and-coming therapeutics such as modified inducible HSP70 to tolerize dendritic cells (DCs) and Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors to mitigate T cell activation (36,37).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antigen Specificity Enhances Disease Control by Tregs in Vitiligo

Mukhatayev

¹

,

Dellacecca

²

,

Cosgrove

³

et al. 2020

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Vitiligo is an autoimmune skin disease characterized by melanocyte destruction. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are greatly reduced in vitiligo skin, and replenishing peripheral skin Tregs can provide protection against depigmentation. Ganglioside D3 (GD3) is overexpressed by perilesional epidermal cells, including melanocytes, which prompted us to generate GD3-reactive chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) Tregs to treat vitiligo. Mice received either untransduced Tregs or GD3-specific Tregs to test the hypothesis that antigen specificity contributes to reduced autoimmune reactivity in vitro and in vivo. CAR Tregs displayed increased IL-10 secretion in response to antigen, provided superior control of cytotoxicity towards melanocytes, and supported a significant delay in depigmentation compared to untransduced Tregs and vehicle control recipients in a TCR transgenic mouse model of spontaneous vitiligo. The latter findings were associated with a greater abundance of Tregs and melanocytes in treated mice versus both control groups. Our data support the concept that antigen-specific Tregs can be prepared, used, and stored for long-term control of progressive depigmentation.

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“…For example, the last years have witnessed a substantial revolution in the treatment of many skin diseases (e.g., bullous diseases, urticaria, atopic dermatitis, hidradenitis suppurativa, and psoriasis) with biotechnological drugs [82]. The success of these new therapies lies in their great selectivity of action, which in most cases provides significant therapeutic efficacy in a short time with reduced side effects compared to traditional therapies [83][84][85][86].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapies with Antioxidant Potential in Psoriasis, Vitiligo, and Lichen Planus

Guarneri

¹

,

Bertino

²

,

Pioggia

³

et al. 2021

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Oxidative stress plays an important pathogenetic role in many chronic inflammatory diseases, including those of dermatological interest. In particular, regarding psoriasis, vitiligo, and lichen planus, excess reactive oxygen species and a decline in endogenous antioxidant systems are observed. In this regard, treatments with antioxidant properties could be appropriate therapeutic options. To date, clinical trials in dermatology on these treatments are limited. We reviewed the available studies on the efficacy of antioxidant therapies in psoriasis, vitiligo, and lichen planus. The role of herbal derivatives, vitamins, and trace elements was analyzed. The antioxidant properties of conventional therapies were also evaluated. Data from the literature suggest that antioxidants might be useful, but available studies on this topic are limited, heterogeneous, not completely standardized, and on small populations. Furthermore, in most cases, antioxidants alone are unable to induce significant clinical changes, except perhaps in mild forms, and must be used in conjunction with standard drug treatments to achieve measurable results. Further studies need to be conducted, considering larger populations and using internationally validated scales, in order to compare the results and clinical efficacy.

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“…Vitiligo is an autoimmune skin disease characterized by depigmented macules, which result from progressive melanocyte destruction in the epidermal area [ 1 ]. It is estimated that 0.5%–2% of the global population suffers from vitiligo [ 2 , 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meta-Analytic Review of High Anxiety Comorbidity among Patients with Vitiligo

Liu

¹

,

Tang

²

,

Xiao

³

et al. 2021

BioMed Research International

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Background. Vitiligo is a disfiguring skin disease with profound psychosocial impacts, such as anxiety, but the reported effect sizes of associations vary. We aimed to conduct a meta-analysis to quantify the strength of association between anxiety and vitiligo and to estimate the prevalence of anxiety among individuals with vitiligo. Methods. A systematic literature search was performed in five online databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and PsycINFO) from inception until March 20, 2020. All of the eligible studies were comprehensively reviewed, and all of the available data were analyzed according to our predefined criteria. Results. Twenty-one studies involving 3259 patients in 11 countries were included in this meta-analysis. Compared with the healthy control group, patients with vitiligo often had concomitant anxiety ( OR = 6.14 [95% CI: 3.35–11.24], I 2 = 30.1 % ). The pooled prevalence of anxiety in female patients was significantly higher than that in males ( OR = 2.24 [95% CI: 1.31–3.84], I 2 = 0.0 % ). Subgroup analysis showed that the pooled prevalence of clinical anxiety disorder and anxiety symptoms was 12% (95% CI: 7%–16%, I 2 = 76.3 % ) and 34% (95% CI: 21%–46%, I 2 = 94.7 % ), respectively. No publication bias has been detected by Begg’s funnel plot and Egger’s test. Conclusion. Patients with vitiligo have high anxiety comorbidity, with female predominance. Dermatologists and psychiatrists should be vigilant to the presence of anxiety, apply appropriate interventions to reduce the psychological impacts in a timely manner, and thus promote recovery in vitiligo patients. However, due to some objective limitations (poor information about the OR and diversity in assessment tools among included studies), findings should be interpreted with caution.

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Emerging drugs for the treatment of vitiligo

Cited by 56 publications

References 105 publications

Antigen Specificity Enhances Disease Control by Tregs in Vitiligo

Antigen Specificity Enhances Disease Control by Tregs in Vitiligo

Therapies with Antioxidant Potential in Psoriasis, Vitiligo, and Lichen Planus

Meta-Analytic Review of High Anxiety Comorbidity among Patients with Vitiligo

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