Emerging diagnostic tools for detection of COVID-19 and perspective

Verma, Nidhi; Patel, Dhaval; Pandya, Alok

doi:10.1007/s10544-020-00534-z

Cited by 44 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…Genomic sequencing does not play a part in routine SARS-CoV-2 laboratory diagnosis; however, this technique is essential for phyloepidemiological evaluation of changes in the viral genome over time and to trace transmission patterns (67). Sequencing protocols based on Sanger and next-generation sequencing (NGS) (e.g., Illumina and MinION/Nanopore) are being applied to rapidly generate genome sequences (200)(201)(202), with the promise that data will inform diagnostic development, epidemiologic investigations, host-virus interactions, viral evolution, pathogenesis, and prevention and treatment targets (67). NGS can also be used to evaluate the host microbiome and co-infection with certain pathogens, which may influence how SARS-CoV-2 infection manifests and results in secondary infections (200).…”

Section: Other Methods Of Viral Rna Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Current COVID-19 Diagnostics and Opportunities for Further Development

Mardian¹,

Kosasih²,

et al. 2021

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Diagnostic testing plays a critical role in addressing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Rapid and accurate diagnostic tests are imperative for identifying and managing infected individuals, contact tracing, epidemiologic characterization, and public health decision making. Laboratory testing may be performed based on symptomatic presentation or for screening of asymptomatic people. Confirmation of SARS-CoV-2 infection is typically by nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT), which requires specialized equipment and training and may be particularly challenging in resource-limited settings. NAAT may give false-negative results due to timing of sample collection relative to infection, improper sampling of respiratory specimens, inadequate preservation of samples, and technical limitations; false-positives may occur due to technical errors, particularly contamination during the manual real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) process. Thus, clinical presentation, contact history and contemporary phyloepidemiology must be considered when interpreting results. Several sample-to-answer platforms, including high-throughput systems and Point of Care (PoC) assays, have been developed to increase testing capacity and decrease technical errors. Alternatives to RT-PCR assay, such as other RNA detection methods and antigen tests may be appropriate for certain situations, such as resource-limited settings. While sequencing is important to monitor on-going evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 genome, antibody assays are useful for epidemiologic purposes. The ever-expanding assortment of tests, with varying clinical utility, performance requirements, and limitations, merits comparative evaluation. We herein provide a comprehensive review of currently available COVID-19 diagnostics, exploring their pros and cons as well as appropriate indications. Strategies to further optimize safety, speed, and ease of SARS-CoV-2 testing without compromising accuracy are suggested. Access to scalable diagnostic tools and continued technologic advances, including machine learning and smartphone integration, will facilitate control of the current pandemic as well as preparedness for the next one.

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Section: Other Methods Of Viral Rna Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Current COVID-19 Diagnostics and Opportunities for Further Development

Mardian¹,

Kosasih²,

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The developed rapid detection assays based on antibody tends to use a specific antibody to detect SARS-CoV-2 in samples directly or capture SARS-CoV-2 for further detection. Now, there have been some studies and commercial antigen detection kits for SARS-CoV-2 ( Verma et al, 2020 ; Yuce et al, 2021 ; Azzi et al, 2021 ). Seo et al (2020) immobilized antibody targeting SARS-CoV-2 spike protein on the graphene surface and prepared a field-effect transistor-based biosensor.…”

Section: Immunological Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic techniques for COVID-19: A mini-review

Wei

Chen

Li³

et al. 2022

Journal of Virological Methods

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COVID-19, a new respiratory infectious disease, was first reported at the end of 2019, in Wuhan, China. Now, COVID-19 is still causing major loss of human life and economic productivity in almost all countries around the world. Early detection, early isolation, and early diagnosis of COVID-19 patients and asymptomatic carriers are essential to blocking the spread of the pandemic. This paper briefly reviewed COVID-19 diagnostic assays for clinical application, including nucleic acid tests, immunological methods, and Computed Tomography (CT) imaging. Nucleic acid tests (NAT) target the virus genome and indicates the existence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Currently, real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) is the most widely used NAT and, basically, is the most used diagnostic assay for COVID-19. Besides qPCR, many novel rapid and sensitive NAT assays were also developed. Serological testing (detection of serum antibodies specific to SARS-CoV-2), which belongs to the immunological methods, is also used in the diagnosis of COVID-19. The positive results of serological testing indicate the presence of antibodies specific to SARS-CoV-2 resulting from being infected with the virus. Viral antigen detection assays are also important immunological methods used mainly for rapid virus detection. However, only a few of these assays had been reported. CT imaging is still an important auxiliary diagnosis tool for COVID-19 patients, especially for symptomatic patients in the early stage, whose viral load is low and different to be identified by NAT. These diagnostic techniques are all good in some way and applying a combination of them will greatly improve the accuracy of COVID-19 diagnostics.

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“…ELISA and LFIA rely on the use of recombinant antigens such as the S glycoprotein. The receptor-binding domain (RBD), which is part of the S glycoprotein or viral nucleoproteins, is also used [ 59 ]. Still, all these tests have shown different performance rates depending on the clinical course and the test procedure [ 60 , 61 ].…”

Section: Detection Of Sars-cov-2 and Serological Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Perspective on COVID-19 Management

Pavelić

Brix

et al. 2021

JCM

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A novel coronavirus—Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)—outbreak correlated with the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was declared by the WHO in March 2020, resulting in numerous counted cases attributed to SARS-CoV-2 worldwide. Herein, we discuss current knowledge on the available therapy options for patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Based on available scientific data, we present an overview of solutions in COVID-19 management by use of drugs, vaccines and antibodies. Many questions with non-conclusive answers on the measures for the management of the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on health still exist—i.e., the actual infection percentage of the population, updated precise mortality data, variability in response to infection by the population, the nature of immunity and its duration, vaccine development issues, a fear that science might end up with excessive promises in response to COVID-19—and were raised among scientists. Indeed, science may or may not deliver results in real time. In the presented paper we discuss some consequences of disease, its detection and serological tests, some solutions to disease prevention and management, pitfalls and obstacles, including vaccination. The presented ideas and data herein are meant to contribute to the ongoing debate on COVID-19 without pre-selection of available information.

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Emerging diagnostic tools for detection of COVID-19 and perspective

Cited by 44 publications

References 88 publications

Review of Current COVID-19 Diagnostics and Opportunities for Further Development

Review of Current COVID-19 Diagnostics and Opportunities for Further Development

Diagnostic techniques for COVID-19: A mini-review

A Perspective on COVID-19 Management

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