Emerging Diagnostic Potential of Tumor-derived Exosomes

Luo, Ruhua; Liu, Mengmeng; Yang, Qian; Cheng, Han; Yang, Huimin; Li, Min-Hui; Bai, Xue; Wang, Yue; Zhang, Honghua; Wang, Shuling; Xie, Tian; Tian, Qingchang

doi:10.7150/jca.59391

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 112 publications

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“…EVs contain a large number of endogenous proteins with different functions, including: tetraspanins proteins, heat shock proteins, endogenous cellular proteins, and lipid-related proteins such as phospholipase. In addition, EVs contain a variety of different types of RNA molecules such as mRNAs, circRNAs, miRNAs, snoRNAs, lincRNAs, and rRNA ( 14 – 16 ). The biological effect of EVs is conferred upon delivery of these proteins and RNA molecules to the recipient cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Therapeutic Applications of Extracellular Vesicles for Myocardial Repair

Liu

Bayado

et al. 2021

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of human death worldwide. Drug thrombolysis, percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary artery bypass grafting and other methods are used to restore blood perfusion for coronary artery stenosis and blockage. The treatments listed prolong lifespan, however, rate of mortality ultimately remains the same. This is due to the irreversible damage sustained by myocardium, in which millions of heart cells are lost during myocardial infarction. The lack of pragmatic methods of myocardial restoration remains the greatest challenge for effective treatment. Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles (EVs) actively secreted by all cell types that act as effective transmitters of biological signals which contribute to both reparative and pathological processes within the heart. Exosomes have become the focus of many researchers as a novel drug delivery system due to the advantages of low toxicity, little immunogenicity and good permeability. In this review, we discuss the progress and challenges of EVs in myocardial repair, and review the recent development of extracellular vesicle-loading systems based on their unique nanostructures and physiological functions, as well as the application of engineering modifications in the diagnosis and treatment of myocardial repair.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…EVs play an important role in intercellular communication, providing a new acellular therapy ( 16 – 19 ). Although many advances have been made in basic research on EVs repairing damaged myocardium, there are still challenges in clinical use and some key questions remain to be answered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic Applications of Extracellular Vesicles for Myocardial Repair

Liu

Bayado

et al. 2021

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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“…Tumor-derived exosomes (TEXs) have attracted increasing interest in diferent tumors, as exosomes have rich endogenous contents that refect the pathophysiology status and genic information of tumor cells [31]. Large amounts of DNA and diferent kinds of RNAs or proteins were found to be related to tumor initiation, progression, or prognosis; thus, TEXs are increasingly being recognized as potential tumor biomarkers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypoxia-Induced miR-210 Promotes Endothelial Cell Permeability and Angiogenesis via Exosomes in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

Ding

Quan

et al. 2022

Biochemistry Research International

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Background. Exosomes have been proven to play important diagnostic, regulatory, or communication roles in tumorigenesis, tumor progression, or metastasis; in recent studies, lots of molecules, including miRNAs, were found to be aberrantly expressed in tumor exosomes and were correlated with tumor development. However, studies about the expression, relationship, or control mechanisms of miRNAs in exosomes in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are scarce and urgently needed. The aim of this article was to identify and investigate abnormally expressed miRNAs in PDAC exosomes in vivo and in vitro. Methods. Microarray studies were used to detect aberrantly expressed miRNAs in PDAC exosomes, and miR-210 expression in cells or exosomes was further analyzed by qRT-PCR. Bioinformatics analyses, dual-luciferase assays, WB, and other assays were utilized to explore the miRNA molecular mechanisms. The living cell coculture model and immunofluorescence analysis were employed to image the communication between PDAC cells and endothelial cells. Other biological experiments in the study include a real-time intravital imaging system, EdU, transwell, xenograft models, and so on. Results. miR-210 is significantly expressed in PDAC exosomes and malignant cells. High miR-210 significantly facilitated tumor angiogenesis, cell invasion, and proliferation in PDAC cells. Further mechanistic detection revealed that miR-210 negatively regulated EFNA3 expression and participated in the PI3K/AKT/VEGFA or Wnt/Β-catenin/RHOA pathways, thus promoting tumor angiogenesis and cellular permeability. PDAC cells promote endothelial angiogenesis or permeability via miR-210 transmission by tumor exosomes. Exosomal miR-210 promotes PDAC progression in vivo. Further detection of PDAC plasma exosomal miR-210 suggests that exosomal miR-210 expression was high and significantly associated with vascular invasion and TNM stage and was an independent risk factor for PDAC overall survival. Conclusions. PDAC cell-secreted exosomes could promote angiogenesis and cellular permeability of neighboring endothelial angiogenesis or permeability via miR-210 transmission. Exosomal miR-210 may play important roles in tumor biology and may be a useful prognostic marker in PDAC.

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“…These methods require a low volume of sample and the feature high sensitivity; however, the approaches are vulnerable to contamination and are time and labor intensive. 264 It is not possible to detail a “best” method of exosome detection, largely due to size difference of exosomes. Van der pol et al , studied the particle size distribution of exosomes and microvesicles determined by transmission electron microscopy, flow cytometry, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and resistive pulse sensing, noting minimal detectable vesicle sizes (for the detection of single vesicles in suspension): TEM (1 nm); conventional flow cytometry (270–600 nm); dedicated flow cytometry (150–190 nm); NTA (70–90 nm) and RPS (70–100 nm).…”

Section: Detection Technologies Of Circulating Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%