Emerging COVID-19 reinfection four months after primary SARS-CoV-2 infection

Salzer, Helmut J. F.; Neuböck, Matthias J.; Heldt, Sven; Haug, Isabella; Paar, Christian; Lamprecht, Bernd

doi:10.1007/s10354-021-00813-1

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“… 2022 ; Salzer et al. 2022 ; Shaheen et al. 2022 ), although the reinfectivity has been still requiring scientific researches to understand its kinetics and other nature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We are going to try to shed a light on the theoretical side about the influence of temporal visitors on the epidemic dynamics with a transmissible disease with a reinfectivity, since the acceptance of visitors under such an epidemic dynamics with the risk of reinfection could be a crucial factor to influence the endemicity in the community which must take a policy about the acceptance (Dansu and Seno 2019 ; Crawford 2022 ; Salzer et al. 2022 ). We shall consider one of the simplest epidemic dynamics models for a transmissible disease with reinfectivity, which is an SIRI type of mathematical model, taking into account the influence of temporal visitors accepted by a community.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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What Influence Could the Acceptance of Visitors Cause on the Epidemic Dynamics of a Reinfectious Disease?: A Mathematical Model

Xie,

Ahmad,

Ikpe

et al. 2024

Acta Biotheor

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The globalization in business and tourism becomes crucial more and more for the economical sustainability of local communities. In the presence of an epidemic outbreak, there must be such a decision on the policy by the host community as whether to accept visitors or not, the number of acceptable visitors, or the condition for acceptable visitors. Making use of an SIRI type of mathematical model, we consider the influence of visitors on the spread of a reinfectious disease in a community, especially assuming that a certain proportion of accepted visitors are immune. The reinfectivity of disease here means that the immunity gained by either vaccination or recovery is imperfect. With the mathematical results obtained by our analysis on the model for such an epidemic dynamics of resident and visitor populations, we find that the acceptance of visitors could have a significant influence on the disease’s endemicity in the community, either suppressive or supportive.

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“… 2022 ; Salzer et al. 2022 ; Shaheen et al. 2022 ), although the reinfectivity has been still requiring scientific researches to understand its kinetics and other nature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Influence Could the Acceptance of Visitors Cause on the Epidemic Dynamics of a Reinfectious Disease?: A Mathematical Model

Xie,

Ahmad,

Ikpe

et al. 2024

Acta Biotheor

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“…29,30 Recently there has been a few reports of reinfection, there is still a raging debate on its overall frequency of occurrence. 14,16,[31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43] This raises questions about the efficacy of an effective vaccine. Understanding the behavioral pattern of antibody dynamics against SARS-CoV-2 antigens in a longitudinal study can shine some light on the veracity, or otherwise, of reinfection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal Antibody Dynamics Against Structural Proteins of SARS-CoV-2 in Three COVID-19 Patients Shows Concurrent Development of IgA, IgM, and IgG

Jamiruddin¹,

Haq²,

Tomizawa³

et al. 2021

JIR

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Background Dynamics and persistence of neutralizing and non-neutralizing antibodies can give us the knowledge required for serodiagnosis, disease management, and successful vaccine design and development. The disappearance of antibodies, absence of humoral immunity activation, and sporadic reinfection cases emphasize the importance of longitudinal antibody dynamics against variable structural antigens. Methods In this study, twenty-five healthy subjects working in a SARS-COV-2 serodiagnostic assay development project were enrolled, and their sign and symptoms were followed up to six months. Three subjects showed COVID-19-like symptoms, and three subjects’ antibody dynamics were followed over 120 days by analyzing 516 samples. We have developed 12 different types of in-house ELISAs to observe the kinetics of IgG, IgM, and IgA against four SARS-CoV-2 proteins, namely nucleocapsid, RBD, S1, and whole spike (S1+S2). For the development of these assays, 30–104 pre-pandemic samples were taken as negative controls and 83 RT-qPCR positive samples as positive ones. Results All three subjects presented COVID-19-like symptoms twice, with mild symptoms in the first episode were severe in the second, and RT-qPCR confirmed the latter. The initial episode did not culminate with any significant antibody development, while a multifold increase in IgG antibodies characterized the second episode. Interestingly, IgG antibody development concurrent with IgM and IgA and persisted, whereas the latter two weans off rather quickly if appeared. Conclusion Antibody kinetics observed in this study can provide a pathway to the successful development of sero-diagnostics and epidemiologists to predict the fate of vaccination currently in place.

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SARS-CoV-2 reinfections during the first three major COVID-19 waves in Bulgaria

Marinov

Младенов

Rangachev

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a devastating impact on the world over the past two years (2020-2021). One of the key questions about its future trajectory is the protection from subsequent infections and disease conferred by a previous infection, as the SARS-CoV-2 virus belongs to the coronaviruses, a group of viruses the members of which are known for their ability to reinfect convalescent individuals. Bulgaria, with high rates of previous infections combined with low vaccination rates and an elderly population, presents a somewhat unique context to study this question. Methods: We use detailed governmental data on registered COVID-19 cases to evaluate the incidence and outcomes of COVID-19 reinfections in Bulgaria in the period between March 2020 and early December 2021. Results: For the period analyzed, a total of 4,106 cases of individuals infected more than once were observed, including 31 cases of three infections and one of four infections. The number of reinfections increased dramatically during the Delta variant-driven wave of the pandemic towards the end of 2021. We observe a moderate reduction of severe outcomes (hospitalization and death) in reinfections relative to primary infections, and a more substantial reduction of severe outcomes in breakthrough infections in vaccinated individuals. Conclusions: In the available datasets from Bulgaria, prior infection appears to provide some protection from severe outcomes, but to a lower degree than the reduction in severity of breakthrough infections in the vaccinated compared to primary infections in the unvaccinated.

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Emerging COVID-19 reinfection four months after primary SARS-CoV-2 infection

Cited by 5 publications

References 13 publications

What Influence Could the Acceptance of Visitors Cause on the Epidemic Dynamics of a Reinfectious Disease?: A Mathematical Model

What Influence Could the Acceptance of Visitors Cause on the Epidemic Dynamics of a Reinfectious Disease?: A Mathematical Model

Longitudinal Antibody Dynamics Against Structural Proteins of SARS-CoV-2 in Three COVID-19 Patients Shows Concurrent Development of IgA, IgM, and IgG

SARS-CoV-2 reinfections during the first three major COVID-19 waves in Bulgaria

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