Emerging chemical tools and techniques for tracking biological manganese

Abstract

This frontier article discusses chemical tools and techniques for tracking and imaging Mn ions in biology.

Chromatographic detection of low-molecular-mass metal complexes in the cytosol of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

“…Manganese ions enter cells through membrane-bound transporters where they metallate numerous proteins. 32 A significant proportion of cellular Mn ions exist as labile LMM complexes. However, the total Mn concentration in the cell, including both protein-bound and the labile manganese pool, is only in the tens of μM.…”

Manganese Mapping Using a Fluorescent Mn2+ Sensor and Nanosynchrotron X-ray Fluorescence Reveals the Role of the Golgi Apparatus as a Manganese Storage Site

“…Further, these efforts have brought forth previously unanticipated roles of transition metal ions like copper, iron, and manganese in biological decision making and defense processes. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Manganese has recently been in the focus due to reports on novel roles of the labile manganese pool and identification of manganese specific transporters. 9,[16][17][18][19][20] In 2004, Daly and coworkers provided evidence that related the high-radiation resistance of bacteria like Deinococcus radiodurans to Mn 2+ accumulation in this species in a concentration dependent manner.…”

“…The interplay between metal-ion compartmentalization and dynamics has emerged as a prominent concept in investigations into the regulatory and signaling roles of transition-metal ions. − Existing challenges in metallobiology are related to addressing critical questions in metal-ion homeostasis, some of which include the following: How are correct metal ions installed in protein active sites? How do biological systems regulate metal-ion mobilization in response to external conditions? Can we identify threshold levels for competing pathways of metal-ion channeling especially what concentrations trigger pathological pathways? , Which pathways are vulnerable to pathogens and how do pathogens hack the cellular metal-ion inventory? , Multiple recent reports have tried to answer these questions. − Results from these studies highlight the ability of biological systems to optimally use compartmentalization and dynamically repurpose compartments in response to external and internal stimuli. − In this context, strategic combinations of molecular biology tools, chemical probes, and metal-ion imaging techniques have led to the discovery of new transporters, compartments, and pathways in metal-ion homeostasis. Further, these efforts have brought forth previously unanticipated roles of transition-metal ions like copper, iron, and manganese in biological decision-making and defense processes. − …”

The effect of boiled feed on trace elements of longissimus dorsi muscle in Hanwoo steers

“…Iron deficiency causes anemia and adversely affects tissues including the central nervous system [26]. Manganese plays an important physiological role in the central nervous system, bone and metabolic activities [27]. Minerals are required in the human diet, and beef is an excellent source of minerals [28].…”