Emerging Characteristic Profile of Patients on Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Treatment in Oyo State Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Treatment Centres

Abstract

Background: The global pandemic of tuberculosis has left everlasting scars on people’s lives. Drug-resistant tuberculosis is becoming an increasingly serious hazard to public health. With over 240,000 fatalities due to drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) worldwide, and Nigeria is one of the 14 nations with a significant multi-drug resistant TB burden, increased focus on dis-ease control is needed. Methods: The study was a retrospective cohort study. A total of 149 patients diagnosed using the gene Xpert machine and referred to the DR-TB treatment centers in University College Hospital and Government Chest Hospital were recruited. Data were collected from the patients’ case files and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. Results: One hundred and forty-nine MDR-TB patients were enrolled in the study, of which 12.75% were new cases while 130 (87.2%) were on retreatment. The prevalence of MDR TB mortality was 4%. However, 30.9% had normal PCV at baseline while 68.5% of those enrolled had abnormal PCV. A total of 22(14.8 %) were reactive to the HIV test, while 125(83.9%) were not. At baseline, Body Mass Index (BMI) showed that 16.1% had a healthy weight, 18.1% were underweight, 2.7% were over-weight, and 59.7% were obese. At four months of treatment, BMI shows that 59.1% had healthy or normal weight, 12.8% were underweight, 6.0% were overweight, and 0.6% were obese. At four months, a significant association was observed between the baseline PCV, HIV status, hypertensive state, and the MDR-TB patient’s treatment outcome (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The category of MDR TB patients had a significant outcome in the patient’s survival. New patients on treatment had better survival outcomes than retreatment cases. The baseline PCV and HIV status had a significant impact on the treatment outcome of the MDR-TB patients at four months of treatment TB. Also, good care needs to be intensified in MDR-TB patients that have HIV so as to improve the treatment outcome of such patients.