Emerging Biomarkers: New Directions and Clinical Applications

Wurst, Friedrich Martin; Alling, Christer; Aradóttir, Steina; Pragst, F.; Allen, John P.; Weinmann, Wolfgang; Marmillot, Philippe; Ghosh, Pradeep; Lakshman, Raj; Skipper, Gregory E.; Neumann, Tim; Spies, Claudia; Javors, Martin A.; Johnson, Bankole A.; Ait-Daoud, Nassima; Akhtar, Fatema Z.; Roache, John D.; Litten, Raye Z.

doi:10.1097/01.alc.0000156082.08248.ab

Cited by 48 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…We found that serum clusterin levels are significantly decreased after long-term alcohol intake. It has been shown that the sialic acid index of apoprotein J is decreased after long-term alcohol intake [44]. Since clusterin has been shown to modulate the vascular smooth muscle cell response to injury [45], it is tempting to speculate that the down Fig.…”

Section: Fluorescent Two-dimensional Difference Gel Electrophoresis (mentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of proteomic technologies to discover and identify biomarkers for excessive alcohol consumption: A review

Nomura

Tomonaga

Sogawa

et al. 2007

Journal of Chromatography B

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Section: Fluorescent Two-dimensional Difference Gel Electrophoresis (mentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of proteomic technologies to discover and identify biomarkers for excessive alcohol consumption: A review

Nomura

Tomonaga

Sogawa

et al. 2007

Journal of Chromatography B

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“…Most of the ethanol consumed is oxidized to acetaldehyde and acetic acid, but a small part undergoes nonoxidative transformation. The nonoxidative, direct metabolites, ethyl glucuronide (EtG), ethyl sulfate (EtS), phosphatidyl ethanol (PEth), and fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) can be used as markers for alcohol consumption besides classical state markers such as carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), or mean corpuscular volume (MCV) [18]. Furthermore, EtG and EtS close the gap in the detection window between short-term markers (e.g., ethanol) and long-term markers like CDT, GGT, and MCV.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics in serum and urinary excretion of ethyl sulfate and ethyl glucuronide after medium dose ethanol intake

et al. 2007

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The direct ethanol metabolites, ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and ethyl sulfate (EtS), are of increasing importance for clinical and forensic applications, but there are only few studies on the kinetics of EtG in serum and none on EtS. In this study, 13 volunteers (social drinkers) drank ethanol in the form of white wine to reach a blood alcohol concentration of 0.51 +/- 0.17 g/kg, and blood and urine samples were analyzed for EtG and EtS simultaneously by chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Mean peak serum EtG and EtS concentrations were 2.9 +/- 1.3 and 2.8 +/- 1.6 micromol/l, respectively, and were reached between 4.0 +/- 0.9 h after the start of drinking (3.0 +/- 0.5 h for EtS). The mean time differences between reaching maximum blood ethanol levels and serum metabolite levels were 2.3 +/- 0.9 h for EtG and 1.2 +/- 0.5 h for EtS. In the last blood samples collected (10-11 h after the start of drinking), 11 (of 13) volunteers were still positive for EtG in serum, whereas only 2 were positive for EtS. In the serum of one female person, no EtS was detectable at any time; however, it was excreted in the urine in (low) concentrations. Ethanol was detectable in the serum for up to 8.6 h after the start of drinking, whereas EtG and EtS were detectable up to more than 5.8 h (EtG) and 4.0 h (EtS), respectively. Mean peak urinary concentrations were 401 +/- 232 micromol/l for EtG and 266 +/- 153 micromol/l for EtS, and mean peak levels were reached 6.2 +/- 0.9 h (EtG) and 5.3 +/- 1.2 h (EtS) after the start of drinking. Maximum concentrations of EtG and EtS in serum showed a wide interindividual variation and could not be correlated to the maximum blood ethanol concentrations. Correlations (p < 0.001, Kendall's Tau b) were found when comparing pairs of parameters, but mostly involved areas under the curve (AUC) of metabolites or of ethanol; one correlation linked the peak concentrations of EtG and EtS in urine.

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“…So kommt es häufig im so genannten "Hang-over-Zustand" nach stattgehabter Alkoholintoxikation zu Unfällen. In diesem Fall sind subchronische Marker besser geeignet, den kürzlich stattgehabten Konsum zu messen [11]. Allerdings ist bisher kein Marker verfügbar, der zwischen chronisch erhöhtem Alkoholkonsum und Alkoholabhängigkeit unterscheiden kann [7].…”

Section: Biomarker Des Alkoholabususunclassified

Alkoholabusus

et al. 2006

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Approximately 20% of medical and surgical patients in hospital have an alcohol use disorder (AUD). Diagnosis of chronic alcohol abuse is performed by specific medical history, examination and validated tests. Biomarkers are a means of diagnosing chronic alcoholism in sedated, intubated and emergency patients. Chronic alcohol consumption damages the central nervous and cardiovascular system, the liver and the immune system. In medical ICUs more than 50% of liver injuries and chronic pancreatitis are due to chronic alcohol abuse. The alcohol withdrawal syndrome is emerging in 25% of AUD patients in intensive care after reduction of sedative drugs. Long term alcohol abuse also leads to cardiac arrhythmias, dilatative cardiomyopathy and hypotonic circulatory dysregulation. Bleeding complications are two-fold increased during and after surgery. Immune suppression results in an increased incidence of infectious complications like pneumonia, wound infection and urinary tract infection. In particular, septic encephalopathy is often misinterpreted as alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Due to the fact that AUD patients show a two to five-fold higher rate of postoperative complications they require increased attention to avoid latency of treatment and the development of multiple organ failure. Prophylaxis in terms of drug therapy or abstinence intervals and brief intervention strategies can help to prevent or ease some of these complications and can decrease the rate of long-term injuries.

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Emerging Biomarkers: New Directions and Clinical Applications

Cited by 48 publications

References 45 publications

Application of proteomic technologies to discover and identify biomarkers for excessive alcohol consumption: A review

Application of proteomic technologies to discover and identify biomarkers for excessive alcohol consumption: A review

Kinetics in serum and urinary excretion of ethyl sulfate and ethyl glucuronide after medium dose ethanol intake

Alkoholabusus

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