Emerging arboviruses in the urbanized Amazon rainforest

Lowe, Rachel; Lee, Sophie; Lana, Raquel Martins; Codeço, Cláudia Torres; Castro, Márcia C.; Pascual, Mercedes

doi:10.1136/bmj.m4385

Cited by 42 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Aedes -transmitted arboviruses can be life-threatening when contracted by human hosts depending on the infection severity [ 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 ]. The primary vector responsible for the transmission of these arboviruses such as DENV, ZIKV, YFV, and CHIKV is the female Aedes aegypti (Yellowfever) mosquito, while female Aedes albopictus (Asian Tiger) mosquitoes also contribute to transmission [ 5 , 6 ].…”

Section: Aedes -Borne Arbovirusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review: Aedes-Borne Arboviral Infections, Controls and Wolbachia-Based Strategies

et al. 2021

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Arthropod-borne viruses (Arboviruses) continue to generate significant health and economic burdens for people living in endemic regions. Of these viruses, some of the most important (e.g., dengue, Zika, chikungunya, and yellow fever virus), are transmitted mainly by Aedes mosquitoes. Over the years, viral infection control has targeted vector population reduction and inhibition of arboviral replication and transmission. This control includes the vector control methods which are classified into chemical, environmental, and biological methods. Some of these control methods may be largely experimental (both field and laboratory investigations) or widely practised. Perceptively, one of the biological methods of vector control, in particular, Wolbachia-based control, shows a promising control strategy for eradicating Aedes-borne arboviruses. This can either be through the artificial introduction of Wolbachia, a naturally present bacterium that impedes viral growth in mosquitoes into heterologous Aedes aegypti mosquito vectors (vectors that are not natural hosts of Wolbachia) thereby limiting arboviral transmission or via Aedes albopictus mosquitoes, which naturally harbour Wolbachia infection. These strategies are potentially undermined by the tendency of mosquitoes to lose Wolbachia infection in unfavourable weather conditions (e.g., high temperature) and the inhibitory competitive dynamics among co-circulating Wolbachia strains. The main objective of this review was to critically appraise published articles on vector control strategies and specifically highlight the use of Wolbachia-based control to suppress vector population growth or disrupt viral transmission. We retrieved studies on the control strategies for arboviral transmissions via arthropod vectors and discussed the use of Wolbachia control strategies for eradicating arboviral diseases to identify literature gaps that will be instrumental in developing models to estimate the impact of these control strategies and, in essence, the use of different Wolbachia strains and features.

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Section: Aedes -Borne Arbovirusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review: Aedes-Borne Arboviral Infections, Controls and Wolbachia-Based Strategies

et al. 2021

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“…The danger of urban YF has been highlighted by the recent outbreaks of Zika virus (ZIKV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) [ 15 , 16 ]. There is currently an increased potential for disseminating YFV and other arboviruses of public health importance due to urban crowding conditions, rapid national and international air travel, and favorable climatic conditions [ 17 , 18 , 19 ]. The manifestation of clinical outcomes such as the newborn microcephaly associated with zika infections in pregnant women [ 20 ] further highlights the public health importance of Ae.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The manifestation of clinical outcomes such as the newborn microcephaly associated with zika infections in pregnant women [ 20 ] further highlights the public health importance of Ae. aegypti , which is the primary vector for ZIKV, CHIKV, and dengue virus (DENV) [ 17 ]. The closely related Aedes ( Stegomyia ) albopictus (Skuse) is the primary vector of DENV in the United States [ 21 ] and in China [ 22 ] and of CHIKV in Europe [ 21 ], but has not been implicated as a vector in arboviral outbreaks in Brazil, so far [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The success of the current arbovirus surveillance and control programs in Brazilian cities is limited by the limited availability of funds [ 18 ]. This problem is further compounded by a lack of specific therapeutics and the paucity of the licensed vaccines for most arboviral diseases [ 17 ]. It is increasingly important to develop novel vector surveillance and control strategies, with the primary goal of preventing spillover events initiating large-scale outbreaks [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dengue-2 and Guadeloupe Mosquito Virus RNA Detected in Aedes (Stegomyia) spp. Collected in a Vehicle Impound Yard in Santo André, SP, Brazil

Rangel

Oliveira

Cabral

et al. 2021

Insects

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In 2018–2019, we conducted mosquito collections in a municipal vehicle impound yard, which is 10 km from the Serra do Mar Environmental Protection Area in Santo André, SP, Brazil. Our aim is to study arboviruses in the impound yard, to understand the transmission of arboviruses in an urban environment in Brazil. We captured the mosquitoes using human-landing catches and processed them for arbovirus detection by conventional and quantitative RT-PCR assays. We captured two mosquito species, Aedes aegypti (73 total specimens; 18 females and 55 males) and Ae. albopictus (34 specimens; 27 females and 7 males). The minimum infection rate for DENV-2 was 11.5 per 1000 (CI95%: 1–33.9). The detection of DENV-2 RNA in an Ae. albopictus female suggests that this virus might occur in high infection rates in the sampled mosquito population and is endemic in the urban areas of Santo André. In addition, Guadeloupe mosquito virus RNA was detected in an Ae. aegypti female. To our knowledge, this was the first detection of the Guadeloupe mosquito virus in Brazil.

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“…Most importantly, is one class of insect-borne disease traded for another as forests become ‘urbanized’? While malaria transitions towards low endemism after deforestation, emerging global diseases such as dengue, Zika and chikungunya are expanding their reach in the Amazon ( Lowe et al, 2020 ). Caused by arboviruses, these new illnesses are transmitted by species of mosquitoes (notably Aedes aegypti ) that thrive in urban environments, spreading to human settlements that have sufficiently modified the land taken from the forest.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

What happens when forests fall?

Pascual

Baeza

2021

eLife

Self Cite

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Emerging arboviruses in the urbanized Amazon rainforest

Abstract: Degradation of rainforest, extreme weather events, and climate change affect the spread of mosquito borne diseases like dengue, chikungunya, and Zika, write Rachel Lowe and colleagues . Urgent action is needed

Cited by 42 publications

References 39 publications

A Review: Aedes-Borne Arboviral Infections, Controls and Wolbachia-Based Strategies

A Review: Aedes-Borne Arboviral Infections, Controls and Wolbachia-Based Strategies

Dengue-2 and Guadeloupe Mosquito Virus RNA Detected in Aedes (Stegomyia) spp. Collected in a Vehicle Impound Yard in Santo André, SP, Brazil

What happens when forests fall?

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