Emerging arboviral human diseases in Southern Europe

Papa, Anna

doi:10.1002/jmv.24803

Cited by 24 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…All WNV cases were observed in 2014, when an outbreak was ongoing in Greece. Since 2010 when WNV emerged in Greece, large outbreaks were observed in the country for five consecutive years (2010‐2014) with a total number of 441 neuroinvasive cases including 72 fatalities . As expected, most of the patients with WNV infection were elderly.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Acute viral infections of the central nervous system, 2014‐2016, Greece

Papa

Papadopoulou

2017

Journal of Medical Virology

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In order to investigate the viral etiology of acute infections of central nervous system (CNS), multiplex and single PCRs combined with serology for arboviruses were applied on samples from 132 hospitalized patients in Greece during May 2014-December 2016. A viral pathogen was detected in 52 of 132 (39.4%) cases with acute CNS infection. Enteroviruses predominated (15/52, 28.8%), followed by West Nile virus (9/52, 17.3%). Phleboviruses, varicella-zoster virus, and Epstein-Barr virus accounted for 15.4%, 13.5%, and 11.5% of the cases, respectively. The study gives an insight into the etiology of viral CNS infections in a Mediterranean country, where arboviruses should be included in the differential diagnosis of acute CNS infections.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Acute viral infections of the central nervous system, 2014‐2016, Greece

Papa

Papadopoulou

2017

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…Lineage 1 and lineage 2 WNV strains are considered the causative agents of both human and animal diseases (Barzon et al 2015). Whereas the circulation of lineage 1 strains in Europe has long been known, lineage 2 WNV strain was first detected outside of Africa in Hungary in 2004 (Bakonyi et al 2006, Erdélyi et al 2007, Papa 2017. However, most of the infections are asymptomatic; the severity of cases with clinical manifestation varies widely from the milder form of West Nile fever (WNF) to severe West Nile neuroinvasive disease (WNND), which can last from few weeks to even months.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…WNND could be characterized by meningitis, encephalitis, meningoencephalitis, encephalomyelitis, and/or polio-like acute flaccid paralysis (Hayes et al 2005, Petersen et al 2013, Barzon et al 2015. Case fatality rate among patients with WNND is *10% (Petersen et al 2013, Papa 2017. The predominance of neurological symptoms and fatal outcome is significantly higher in the older population, while immunocompromised patients with comorbidities such as malignancies or organ transplantation are also at higher risk of developing neuroinvasive disease (Ceccaldi et al 2004, Kleinschmidt-DeMasters et al 2004, Kumar et al 2004, Ludlow et al 2016.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

West Nile Virus Seroprevalence Among Blood Donors in Hungary

Nagy

Szöllősi

Takács

et al. 2019

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

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Background and Objectives: West Nile virus (WNV) is one of the most important viral zoonotic infections in Hungary; however, no transfusion-transmitted WNV infections have been confirmed so far. In 2016, the number of clinical cases of WNV reported was 44, but the seasonal WNV screening of whole-blood donors has not yet been implemented. Our aims were to assess the WNV RNA reactivity and the prevalence of WNV-specific antibodies in the samples of blood donors collected in 2016. Materials and Methods: WNV RNA with Cobas TaqScreen and anti-WNV antibody determination from plasma samples of 2112 donors was performed. Cross-reactivity to tick-borne encephalitis virus was excluded. WNV neutralization test was used for the confirmation of anti-WNV IgG reactive results, and the presence of anti-WNV IgM antibodies was also determined. Results: None of the samples showed WNV RNA reactivity. The total weighted anti-WNV IgG prevalence was 2.34% (95% confidence interval 1.65-3.03), and in addition, three donors were found to be IgM positive. There was a comparable tendency between the data of WNV seroprevalence and cumulative incidence in six out of seven statistical regions in Hungary. Conclusion: Our results show a comparable data with publications that estimated the WNV seroprevalence in some other European endemic areas. As protective measures, both the 30-day deferral of blood donors who spent at least 24 h in WNV-exposed areas and the exclusion of affected Hungarian territories from blood donation are enforced by the Hungarian National Blood Transfusion Service. Our study is the first comprehensive serological survey to obtain actual data about WNV seroprevalence in the Hungarian human population.

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“…The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region has been long considered as a WNV-endemic area [ 8 , 9 ]. Locally acquired cases have been recently reported in Israel [ 10 ], Greece [ 11 ], Turkey [ 12 ], and Italy [ 13 ]. In addition, evidence of WNV circulation has been reported in Jordan [ 14 ] and Egypt [ 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental transmission of West Nile Virus and Rift Valley Fever Virus by Culex pipiens from Lebanon

et al. 2018

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West Nile virus (WNV) and Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) are two emerging arboviruses transmitted by Culex pipiens species that includes two biotypes: pipiens and molestus. In Lebanon, human cases caused by WNV and RVFV have never been reported. However, the introduction of these viruses in the country is likely to occur through the migratory birds and animal trades. In this study, we evaluated the ability of Cx. pipiens, a predominant mosquito species in urban and rural regions in Lebanon, to transmit WNV and RVFV. Culex egg rafts were collected in the West Bekaa district, east of Lebanon and adult females of Cx. pipiens were experimentally infected with WNV and RVFV Clone 13 strain at titers of 1.6×108 and 1.33×107 plaque forming units (PFU)/mL, respectively. We estimated viral infection, dissemination and transmission at 3, 7, 14 and 19 days post infection (dpi). Results showed that infection was higher for WNV than for RVFV from 3 dpi to 19 dpi. Viral dissemination and transmission started from 3 dpi for WNV; and only from 19 dpi for RVFV. Moreover, Cx. pipiens were able to excrete in saliva a higher number of viral particles of WNV (1028 ± 405 PFU/saliva at 19 dpi) than RVFV (42 PFU/saliva at 19 dpi). Cx. pipiens from Lebanon are efficient experimental vectors of WNV and to a lower extent, RVFV. These findings should stimulate local authorities to establish an active entomological surveillance in addition to animal surveys for both viruses in the country.

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Emerging arboviral human diseases in Southern Europe

Cited by 24 publications

References 93 publications

Acute viral infections of the central nervous system, 2014‐2016, Greece

Acute viral infections of the central nervous system, 2014‐2016, Greece

West Nile Virus Seroprevalence Among Blood Donors in Hungary

Experimental transmission of West Nile Virus and Rift Valley Fever Virus by Culex pipiens from Lebanon

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