Emerging antibacterial nanozymes for wound healing

Abstract

Wound infections continuously impose a huge economic and social burden on public healthcare. Despite the effective treatment of bacteria‐infected wounds after using traditional antibiotics, the misuse of antibiotics usually causes the spread of bacterial resistance and decreases therapeutic outcomes. Therefore, the development of efficient antibacterial agents is urgently needed. Nanozymes, as a new generation of artificial enzymes, combine the intrinsic abilities of nanomaterials and natural enzymes. Recently, nanozymes has been widely developed to kill bacteria and treat wound infections by catalyzing the generation of various reactive oxygen species. Thus, this new concept of “antibacterial nanozymes” will promote the further advances of connecting nanozymes and bacterial elimination. To highlight these achievements, we summarize different types of antibacterial nanozymes for wound healing. It is believed that such a promising therapeutic strategy of developing antibacterial nanozymes will make a great contribution in the field of skin regeneration. We expect that antibacterial nanozymes will play the significant roles in both basic research and clinical applications.

Recent Advancements in the Formulation of Nanomaterials-Based Nanozymes, Their Catalytic Activity, and Biomedical Applications

“…153 There are several nanozymebased targeted therapies for wound healing like single atom nanozymes, metal-or metal-based nanozymes, MOF based, and hybrid and antibacterial nanozymes. 154 The literature evidences that the hydrogel-based loaded pro-angiogenic drug has accelerated angiogenesis by increasing the expression of angiogenic factors and the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1 α) leading to accumulation of collagen fibers that promotes efficient wound healing. 155 The multienzymatic properties loaded Cu-based nanomaterials show an enhanced angiogenic process by triggering the hypoxic condition at scared areas that promotes the expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and HIF-1 α.…”

Phage-Ce6-Manganese Dioxide Nanocomposite-Mediated Photodynamic, Photothermal, and Chemodynamic Therapies to Eliminate Biofilms and Improve Wound Healing

“…31,32 During decomposition, MnO 2 depletes high-level GSH in the microenvironment of biofilms; hence, it protects the reactive oxygen species (ROS) newly generated by PDT from being quickly reduced by GSH. Additionally, nano-MnO 2 , as a nanoenzyme, effectively catalyzes the excessive H 2 O 2 into H 2 O and O 2 in the biofilms 33 and therefore assists oxygen-dependent PDT in infection treatment and biofilm elimination. 32,34 In this paper, we constructed a multifunctional MnO 2 -based nanocomposite (phage-Chlorin e6-MnO 2 ), named PCM, to fight against S. aureus and relative biofilms in the infection site (Scheme 1).…”

“…Recently, it has been proved that the nanostructured manganese dioxide (MnO 2 ) has unique physical and chemical properties, including responsive degradability to acidic pH, high levels of GSH and H 2 O 2 , excellent catalytic properties, and good biocompatibility. , During decomposition, MnO 2 depletes high-level GSH in the microenvironment of biofilms; hence, it protects the reactive oxygen species (ROS) newly generated by PDT from being quickly reduced by GSH. Additionally, nano-MnO 2 , as a nanoenzyme, effectively catalyzes the excessive H 2 O 2 into H 2 O and O 2 in the biofilms and therefore assists oxygen-dependent PDT in infection treatment and biofilm elimination. , …”

Antimicrobial Peptide Nanoparticle-Based Microneedle Patches for the Treatment of Bacteria-Infected Wounds

“…The combination of AMPs and nanomaterials can enhance the stability of AMPs while preserving their bactericidal activity. − Nanoparticles synthesized from chitosan (CS) with biodegradability and high biocompatibility can be used as a drug carrier to enhance the drug-loading capacity, stabilize the components of drugs, and control the dissolution rate of drugs . Due to cationic properties, CS can react with negatively charged functional groups of biopolymers to form ionic bonds .…”