Emerging and Public Health Challenges Existing in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetes in Pregnancy

Ana, Yamuna; Shriyan, Prafulla; Deepa, R; Babu, Giridhara R

doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2021.05.008

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…It is estimated, globally, one in six live births are to women with some form hyperglycaemia in pregnancy out of which majority (84%) are due to GDM 4 . Globally, the South East Asian region has the highest prevalence of GDM (27%) and live births effected by GDM 5 . A higher prevalence is seen in the low-middle-income countries (LMIC) where access to maternal care is often inadequate 5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of periodontal disease with gestational diabetes mellitus among postpartum women at a private tertiary care hospital of Karachi, Pakistan: a cross-sectional study

Jamal,

Khan,

Zuberi

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Due to the overlapping aetiology of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) and Periodontal disease (PD), which are prevalent metabolic disorder and chronic inflammatory disorder in pregnant women respectively, they are often at risk of developing both diseases simultaneously. This study aims to evaluate the association of periodontal disease and gestational diabetes mellitus among post-partum women who delivered within 24 h at private tertiary care hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. Analytical cross sectional study with sample size of 178 by non- probability purposive sampling, a total of 101 postpartum women (57%) were diagnosed with periodontal disease and 50 (28%) were GDM positive. Of those who had PD, 35% (n = 35/101) were GDM positive. An insignificant association of the prevalence ratio of GDM in women with periodontal disease was found. [PR = 1.7; 95% CI: 0.2–3.2; p-value 0.07] A statistically significant association was found between the prevalence ratio of GDM in women with obesity. It was 2.6 times compared to women who were not obese (p value < 0.01, 95% CI: 1.3–5.1). There is insignificant association found between the prevalence ratio of GDM in women with periodontal disease in our setting. Women who are overweight or tend to gain weight should be closely monitored and guided to take dietary measures.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Globally, the South East Asian region has the highest prevalence of GDM (27%) and live births effected by GDM 5 . A higher prevalence is seen in the low-middle-income countries (LMIC) where access to maternal care is often inadequate 5 . A study reported prevalence of 13.9% GDM cases among pregnant women in the South Asian region 6 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of periodontal disease with gestational diabetes mellitus among postpartum women at a private tertiary care hospital of Karachi, Pakistan: a cross-sectional study

Jamal,

Khan,

Zuberi

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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“…11.1mmol/L. This condition may be insulin dependent as seen in Type I or noninsulin dependent in Type II Diabetes [1,2]. Accumulated evidence indicates various environmental factors as responsible for the onset of the disease, and the recent upsurge in diabetic population numbers has been attributed to the increasing lifestyle changes [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Obesity as a Marker for Patients with Type II Diabetes in the Ashanti Region, Ghana

Abera,

Ofosu,

Ayuni

et al. 2023

IJBcRR

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Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic syndrome characterized by high blood glucose levels that is currently a worldwide health concern. The purpose of this study is to use anthropometric indicators to determine the prevalence of obesity and overweight among Type II Diabetic Patients. Over a 20-week period, this cross-sectional study was conducted on Type II Diabetic Patients who were identified through a simple randomized sampling from the Diabetics' Clinic. This study enlisted the participation of a hundred (100) Diabetic Patients. A standardized pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect demographic information from the participants. Anthropometry measurements such as height, weight, waist circumference, and hip circumference were all taken using standardized procedures, and the body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHR), Body Adiposity Index (BAI), and waist to height ratio (WHtR) were calculated. In this study, 36% of patients were between the ages of 55 and 64, with 31% of the participants being female. Obesity was prevalent in 46% of the study population according to the BMI classification, 45% according to the WHR classification, 40% according to the WHtR classification, and 32% according to the BAI classification. Using BMI values, 82.6% of females were obese, compared to 17.4% of males, and 58.5% of females were overweight, compared to 41.4% of males. Stretching, swimming, and bicycling were all associated with obesity in Type II Diabetic Patients indicating X2(9) = 19.968, P < 0.018, X2(9) = 15.674, P < 0.016, X2(9) = 12.898, P < 0.045, respectively. There was an establishment of an increased prevalence of obesity and overweight among the cohort of Diabetic patients recruited for this study with the females indicating a higher prevalence than their male counterparts.

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“…Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common endocrine disease during pregnancy, which is related to the elevated risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes including cesarean section, premature birth, dystocia, premature rupture of membranes, intrauterine infection, macrosomia, stillbirth, and fetal malformation. 1 GDM patients also have higher life−span risks of hyperglycemia in both mothers and their offspring. 2 The estimated prevalence of GDM was 14.0% in global, which was 12.7%, 9.2%, and 14.2% in low, middle, and high income countries, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Serum Folic Acid and Vitamin B12 on the Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Yang¹,

Lu²,

Zhao³

et al. 2022

DMSO

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In order to gain more knowledge on the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and to provide evidence for clinical guidance on the optimum level of serum folic acid and vitamin B12, this study aimed to clarify the relationship between serum folic acid and vitamin B12 and the risk of GDM. Patients and Methods: This retrospective case−control study was conducted based on the clinical information system of the Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province. Clinical data including maternal socio-demographical characteristics, serum folic acid, and vitamin B12 were collected. Logistic regression analyses and restricted cubic splines were performed to examine the impact of serum folic acid and vitamin B12 on the risk of GDM. Results: Significantly elevated risks of GDM were observed in groups with high serum folic acid concentration (OR = 1.84, 95% CI: 1.07−3.16), and in low vitamin B12 concentration (OR = 2.14, 95% CI: 1.26−3.65). After stratified by age, the increased risk of GDM was still noticed in a low level of vitamin B12 among mothers aged <30 years (OR = 4.76, 95% CI: 1.45−15.61). In mothers with pre −pregnancy BMI <24, elevated risk of GDM was significantly associated with a high folic acid (OR = 2.09, 95% CI: 1.11−3.93) or a low vitamin B12 concentration (OR = 2.24, 95% CI: 1.22−4.14). Moreover, the risk of GDM was on the decline with the increased level of folic acid in the beginning, and it started to manifest an upward trend when the serum folic acid reached 19.02 ng/mL. Conclusion:This study demonstrated that serum folic acid excess or vitamin B12 deficiency could contribute to the increased risk of GDM, and revealed the potential side effect of serum folic acid overdose. As serum folic acid and vitamin B12 tests are widely applied in clinical practice, this finding could help clinicians to evaluate maternal risk from a new perspective.

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Emerging and Public Health Challenges Existing in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetes in Pregnancy

Cited by 5 publications

References 65 publications

Association of periodontal disease with gestational diabetes mellitus among postpartum women at a private tertiary care hospital of Karachi, Pakistan: a cross-sectional study

Association of periodontal disease with gestational diabetes mellitus among postpartum women at a private tertiary care hospital of Karachi, Pakistan: a cross-sectional study

Assessment of Obesity as a Marker for Patients with Type II Diabetes in the Ashanti Region, Ghana

The Effects of Serum Folic Acid and Vitamin B12 on the Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

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