Emerging and Established Global Life-Style Risk Factors for Cancer of the Upper Aero-Digestive Tract

Gupta, Bhawna; Johnson, Newell W.

doi:10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.15.5983

Cited by 39 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 79 publications

(73 reference statements)

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“…Chronic trauma to the oral mucosa from poor restorations and prostheses, as well as poor oral hygiene with a consequent heavy bacterial load in the mouth, are reemerging as significant risk factors [14][15][16] . Further, some epidemiological studies show that employment in industries with occupational exposures to wood dust, asbestos, acid mists or solvents as well as manufacturing of textiles and leather are associated with an increased risk of HNSCC [17][18][19][20] .…”

Section: Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Epidemiology of Head and Neck Cancers: A Continuing Challenge

Gupta

Johnson

Kumar³

2016

Oncology

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Background: Head and neck cancers (HNCs) continue to remain a significant public health burden worldwide, causing significant mortality and morbidity despite significant clinical advances enabling their early diagnosis and treatment. Methods: We used data from the GLOBOCAN 2012, Cancer Incidence in Five Continents, World Health Organization Mortality Database and Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results programmes to describe the current epidemiology of HNCs. Results: Estimated age-standardised incidence/mortality rates for cancers of the lip and oral cavity among males and females (7.0/2.3 and 2.6/0.6 per 100,000 per annum) in more developed regions are higher compared to those in less developed regions (5.0/2.8 and 2.5/1.4 per 100,000 per annum). Similarly, the estimated rates for cancers of the tonsils and pharynx among males (7.5/2.5 per 100,000 per annum) and females (2.7/0.5 per 100,000 per annum) are reported to be the highest in Western Europe, whereas these rates for cancer of the larynx among males (7.9/4.0 per 100,000 per annum) and females (0.9/0.5 per 100,000 per annum) are reported to be the highest in the Caribbean. Cancer of the nasopharynx represents a significant HNC burden in the Asia-Pacific region and Northern Africa. Conclusion: The current and future estimated burden of HNCs is shifting to less developed regions which may be ill equipped to deal with this increasing burden. This needs urgent attention of policy makers through effective cancer control policy implementation with population-based interventions.

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Section: Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Epidemiology of Head and Neck Cancers: A Continuing Challenge

Gupta

Johnson

Kumar³

2016

Oncology

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374

253

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“…The wide variation in worldwide incidence and mortality from cancers of the UADT are mainly attributed to variations in exposure to the major environmental and behavioural risk factors, namely: tobacco and alcohol; low intake of fruits and vegetables; and infection with human papilloma virus (HPV) 6,8,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25] . Chronic trauma to the oral mucosa from poor restorations and prostheses, and poor oral hygiene with a consequent heavy bacterial load in the mouth, are reemerging as significant risk factors [26][27][28] .…”

Section: Risk Factors For Uadt Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Life course models for upper aero-digestive tract cancer

Gupta

Lalloo

Johnson

2015

International Dental Journal

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Upper aero-digestive tract (UADT) cancers are collectively cancers of various human body sites, such as the oral cavity, pharynx, oesophagus and larynx. Worldwide, they are the fourth most frequent cancer type and the fourth most common cause of mortality from cancer. Many studies have shown that several chronic diseases, such as cancer, which occur more commonly in later adulthood, are influenced by social and psychological circumstances during birth, childhood, adolescence and early adult life. It is suggested that the build up of problematic circumstances throughout life is the cause of disease, rather than circumstances that happen at one point in time. UADT cancer is a chronic disease of complex multifactorial origin and most of the underlying exposures/risks cannot be considered as individual factors or in isolation, as they act at different levels, which differ from time to time. Thus, life-course epidemiology, rather than drawing false dichotomies between different risk factors of the underlying disease, attempts to integrate biological and social risk processes that cause the chronic disease. It studies how socially patterned exposures during all stages of life--childhood, adolescence and early adult--influence disease risk in adulthood and socio-economic position and hence may account for social inequalities in adult health and mortality. Furthermore, varying health effects, according to the timing or duration of exposure to socio-economic circumstances, may indicate important traces to the causes of cancer. In this paper, we have attempted to draw a conceptual framework on the relationships between socio-economic inequalities, oral health risk factors along the life-course of an individual and incidence of UADT cancer.

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“…Tobacco use and consumption of alcohol have historically been considered the primary risk factors for upper aerodigestive cancer, including OPSCC (Gupta and Johnson 2014). More recently, high-risk HPV infection was identified not only as an important risk factor for OPSCC, but as a cause for OPSCC, as discussed earlier in this chapter.…”

Section: Opscc: Risk Factors and Incidencementioning

confidence: 76%

“…These authors showed that patients with HPV-positive OPSCC have a ≥50 % increased 5-year survival rate (equivalent to ~30 % increased overall survival) (Gillison et al 2012b). Other risk factors for upper aerodigestive cancer include diets insufficient in fresh fruits and vegetables, 'binge' drinking, an increased number of sex partners (≥8-10), more than four oral sex partners, genetic mutations or polymorphisms in cancer predisposing pathways, poor oral hygiene, and chronic oral trauma from poor restorations, poor-fitting prostheses, malpositioned or fractured teeth, oral mucosa biting or sucking, tongue interposition or thrusting (Gillison et al 2012b;Gupta and Johnson 2014;Pytynia et al 2014;Toporcov et al 2015). Chronic oral trauma can lead to mechanical irritation, inflammation, and an increased risk for oral cancer or OPSCC.…”

Section: Opscc: Risk Factors and Incidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of HPV-Associated Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Gollin

2015

Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-Associated Oropharyngeal Cancer

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Emerging and Established Global Life-Style Risk Factors for Cancer of the Upper Aero-Digestive Tract

Cited by 39 publications

References 79 publications

Global Epidemiology of Head and Neck Cancers: A Continuing Challenge

Global Epidemiology of Head and Neck Cancers: A Continuing Challenge

Life course models for upper aero-digestive tract cancer

Epidemiology of HPV-Associated Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

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