Emerging Agroscience

Lichtfouse, Éric; Hamelin, Marjolaine; Navarrete, Mireille; Debaeke, Philippe; Henri, Agnès

doi:10.1007/978-94-007-0394-0_1

Cited by 13 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…Agricultural practices alter soil structure due to regular disturbance breaking soil aggregates and filling pore spaces, compaction from machinery and livestock, and irrigation dissolving aggregates (Young and Young, 2001). Reforestation is likely to improve soil structure because forest soils have higher aggregate stability due to larger litter inputs and reduced soil disturbance, lower bulk density (less compacted) and higher porosity than agricultural soils (Lichtfouse et al, 2011). However, reforestation may not lead to a substantial decrease in bulk density within the first three decades (Lima et al, 2006).…”

Section: Physical and Biological Structure Of Soilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Balancing the environmental benefits of reforestation in agricultural regions

Cunningham

Nally

Baker

et al. 2015

Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics

152

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a b s t r a c tReforestation is an important tool for reducing or reversing biodiversity loss and mitigating climate change. However, there are many potential compromises between the structural (biodiversity) and functional (carbon sequestration and water yield) effects of reforestation, which can be affected by decisions on spatial design and establishment of plantings. We review the environmental responses to reforestation and show that manipulating the configuration of plantings (location, size, species mix and tree density) increases a range of environmental benefits. More extensive tree plantings (>10 ha) provide more habitat, and greater improvements to carbon and water cycling. Planting a mixture of native trees and shrubs is best for biodiversity, while traditional plantation species, generally non-native species, sequester C faster. Tree density can be manipulated at planting or during early development to accelerate structural maturity and to manage water yields. A diversity of habitats will be created by planting in a variety of landscape positions and by emulating the patchy distribution of forest types, which characterized many regions prior to extensive landscape transformation. Areas with shallow aquifers can be planted to reduce water pollution or avoided to maintain water yields. Reforestation should be used to build forest networks that are surrounded by low-intensity land use and that provide links within regions and between biomes. While there are adequate models for C sequestration and changes in water yields after reforestation, the quantitative understanding of changes in habitat resources and species composition is more limited. Development of spatial and temporal modelling platforms based on empirical models of structural and functional outcomes of reforestation is essential for deciding how to reconfigure agricultural regions. To build such platforms, we must quantify: (a) the influence of previous land uses, establishment methods, species mixes and interactions with adjacent land uses on environmental (particularly biodiversity) outcomes of reforestation and (b) the ways in which responses measured at the level of individual plantings scale up to watersheds and regions. Models based on this information will help widespread reforestation for carbon sequestration to improve native biodiversity, nutrient cycling and water balance at regional scales.

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Section: Physical and Biological Structure Of Soilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Balancing the environmental benefits of reforestation in agricultural regions

Cunningham

Nally

Baker

et al. 2015

Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics

152

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“…High speed urban growth, offer of lucrative jobs for the young generation in cities and increased dependence on the global market for the provision of food (Oosterveer and Sonnenfield, 2011) are some major drivers behind the decline of agriculture. During the later years of the twentieth century, efforts to re-evaluate agricultural heritage systems began, as concepts like 'limits to growth' (Meadows, 1972, Meadows et al, 2004 and sustainable food production (Lichtfouse et al 2011) became focal issues. This re-evaluation of agriculture as an ecological system that sustains a large number of flora and fauna, microbes and insects, as well as the human population is an ongoing process.…”

Section: Introduction: Agroecosystems and Agricultural Heritage Landsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Tourism Potential of Agricultural Heritage Systems A: Case Study of the Kunisaki Peninsula, Oita Prefecture, Japan

Vafadari

2013

ISS

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This paper analyzes the tourism potential of agricultural heritage landscapes for regional revitalization through a case study of the Kunisaki Peninsula in Oita, Japan. Recently, the concept of agroecosystems has emerged as a holistic approach for conserving dynamic agri-heritage landscapes that has sustained the human societies for millennia. The FAO initiative of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) is one of the leading initiatives for dynamic conservation of these landscapes. The Kunisaki peninsula was nominated as a GIAHS for its traditional resource circulation landscape earlier in 2013. The peninsula used to be a religious and cultural hub in historical times, but the area is currently facing rapid decline mainly due to depopulation and aging. This research explores the potential of agri-heritage tourism in the peninsula, by analyzing the components of the resource circulation landscape, and the importance of cultural heritage. The research is based on in-depth fieldwork in the designated site, and on an extensive review of literature. The key findings are: the resource circulation landscape of this GIAHS site can be divided into 'core' and 'value-added' components, core components being small scale interlinked 'tameike' reservoirs and sawtooth Oak forests, and the endemic shichitoui grass and shiitake mushroom are value added products. These social ecological production landscapes are underutilized, and if agri-tourism is properly planned at the site, it can generate renewed stakeholder interest in these landscapes, and thus pave the way for revitalizing this declining region, which has immense value as a low-carbon, sustainable rural society based on traditional farming knowledge.

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“…In this procedure, a cut-off point should be determined for the correlation coefficient. In such cases, the value of the correlation coefficient typically ranges from 0.5 to 0.7 [40]. The cut-off point of 0.5 was defined for determining representative days in this study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the Spatio-Temporal Variations in Atmosphere Thickness Pattern of Iran and the Middle East with Special Focus on Precipitation in Iran

Rousta

Doostkamian

Taherian

et al. 2017

Climate

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Abstract:In this study, Geopotential Height (between 500 and 1000 hPa) and precipitation data were obtained from the NCEP/NCAR and IRIMO (Iran Meteorological Organization) for 60 years , respectively. Descriptive features of Atmospheric Thickness (hereafter AT) were calculated and analyzed by using the Mann-Kendall method. The results showed that the maximum AT was recorded in summer because of the dominance of the dynamic, hot subtropical high pressure. Furthermore, upper latitudes experienced more variations in terms of AT. The trend of variations showed that AT has significantly increased in recent years. Further, Saudi Arabia and the Red Sea experienced a more measurable increase in AT. On the other hand, AT had a declining trend over northern parts of Iraq and Iran, but it failed to be statistically considerable. The trend of AT had numerous variations over western parts of Iran, northwestern parts of Iraq, central and eastern parts of Turkey, and a large area of Syria. AT analysis of Iran's precipitations showed that patterns in the Sea Level Pressure were caused by East Mediterranean, Sudan, and Saudi Arabia low pressures and the high pressures that were located in Europe and Kazakhstan. In addition, in upper-air (500 Hpa), the patterns were influenced by high Mediterranean trough and blocking phenomenon that come from higher latitudes.

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Emerging Agroscience

Cited by 13 publications

References 80 publications

Balancing the environmental benefits of reforestation in agricultural regions

Balancing the environmental benefits of reforestation in agricultural regions

Exploring Tourism Potential of Agricultural Heritage Systems A: Case Study of the Kunisaki Peninsula, Oita Prefecture, Japan

Investigation of the Spatio-Temporal Variations in Atmosphere Thickness Pattern of Iran and the Middle East with Special Focus on Precipitation in Iran

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