Emerging Adults in Inpatient Substance Use Treatment: A Prospective Cohort Study of Patient Characteristics and Treatment Outcomes

Andersson, Helle Wessel; Lauvsnes, Anders Dahlen Forsmo; Nordfjærn, Trond

doi:10.1159/000512156

Cited by 18 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Studies of general SUD treatment samples have found that higher mental distress (i.e. anxiety/depression symptoms) is associated with adverse treatment outcomes [24,[27][28][29] as was also found in the current study among the patient group without COD. The higher predictive value associated with mental distress among patients without COD may be associated with untreated anxiety/depression symptoms, and/or that health care providers are insufficiently attentive to their mental health care needs following an inpatient treatment stay.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

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Inpatients in substance use treatment with co-occurring psychiatric disorders: a prospective cohort study of characteristics and relapse predictors

2023

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Background The characteristics of substance use disorder (SUD) inpatients with co-occurring psychiatric disorders (COD) have been scantly described in the extant literature. This study investigated psychological, demographic and substance use characteristics in these patients, along with predictors of relapse 3 months post-treatment. Methods Prospective data from a cohort of 611 inpatients were analyzed for demographics, motivation, mental distress, SUD diagnosis, psychiatric diagnoses (ICD-10) and relapse rate at 3 months post-treatment (retention rate = 70%). Results Compared to patients without COD (n = 322), those with COD (n = 289) were younger, had higher mental distress, lower education and higher likelihood of no permanent residence. The relapse rate was also higher in patients with COD (39.8%) relative to patients without COD (26.4%) (OR = 1.85, 95% CI: 1.23–2.78). The relapse rate was particularly high for patients with COD who were diagnosed with cannabis use disorder (53.3%). Multivariate analysis revealed that among patients with COD, relapse was more likely for individuals with a cannabis use disorder (OR = 2.31, 95% CI: 1.34-4.00), and less likely for older ages (OR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.94-1.00), females (OR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.33–0.98) and for those with higher intrinsic motivation (OR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.42–0.81). Conclusion This study showed that among SUD inpatients, those with COD had relatively persistent high levels of mental distress and an increased risk of relapse. Enhanced measures aimed at COD patients’ mental health problems during the inpatient stay, along with close and personalized follow-up after discharge from residential SUD treatment may reduce the probability of relapse in this group.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Among psychological variables, both baseline motivation [24][25][26] and baseline mental distress level (i.e. symptoms of anxiety/depression) [24,[27][28][29] have been found to be associated with SUD treatment outcomes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inpatients in substance use treatment with co-occurring psychiatric disorders: a prospective cohort study of characteristics and relapse predictors

2023

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“…Moreover, variability in impulsivity could increase the odds of both heavy drinking and alcohol-related problems [ 239 ], and a significant relationship between impaired response inhibition or impulsivity and high-risk alcohol use in nonclinical populations was demonstrated [ 240 ]. Bozkurt and colleagues [ 241 ] found that—among others—self-reported trait impulsivity predicted alcohol use severity in treatment-seeking patients [ 242 ]. There have also been epidemiological studies showing a direct association between the sensation/novelty-seeking trait and SUD, especially cocaine use disorder (CUD) [ 243 , 244 , 245 , 246 ].…”

Section: Hsd Evokes Behavioural Predictors Of Drug Of Abusementioning

confidence: 99%

A High-Sugar Diet Consumption, Metabolism and Health Impacts with a Focus on the Development of Substance Use Disorder: A Narrative Review

2022

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Carbohydrates are important macronutrients in human and rodent diet patterns that play a key role in crucial metabolic pathways and provide the necessary energy for proper body functioning. Sugar homeostasis and intake require complex hormonal and nervous control to proper body energy balance. Added sugar in processed food results in metabolic, cardiovascular, and nervous disorders. Epidemiological reports have shown enhanced consumption of sweet products in children and adults, especially in reproductive age and in pregnant women, which can lead to the susceptibility of offspring’s health to diseases in early life or in adulthood and proneness to mental disorders. In this review, we discuss the impacts of high-sugar diet (HSD) or sugar intake during the perinatal and/or postnatal periods on neural and behavioural disturbances as well as on the development of substance use disorder (SUD). Since several emotional behavioural disturbances are recognized as predictors of SUD, we also present how HSD enhances impulsive behaviour, stress, anxiety and depression. Apart from the influence of HSD on these mood disturbances, added sugar can render food addiction. Both food and addictive substances change the sensitivity of the brain rewarding neurotransmission signalling. The results of the collected studies could be important in assessing sugar intake, especially via maternal dietary patterns, from the clinical perspective of SUD prevention or pre-existing emotional disorders. Methodology: This narrative review focuses on the roles of a high-sugar diet (HSD) and added sugar in foods and on the impacts of glucose and fructose on the development of substance use disorder (SUD) and on the behavioural predictors of drugs abuse. The literature was reviewed by two authors independently according to the topic of the review. We searched the PubMed and Scopus databases and Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute open access scientific journals using the following keyword search strategy depending on the theme of the chapter: “high-sugar diet” OR “high-carbohydrate diet” OR “sugar” OR “glucose” OR “fructose” OR “added sugar” AND keywords. We excluded inaccessible or pay-walled articles, abstracts, conference papers, editorials, letters, commentary, and short notes. Reviews, experimental studies, and epidemiological data, published since 1990s, were searched and collected depending on the chapter structure. After the search, all duplicates are thrown out and full texts were read, and findings were rescreened. After the selection process, appropriate papers were included to present in this review.

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“…Obtaining data from both developed and developing countries to identify changes in alcohol drinking and tobacco use during the COVID-19 pandemic, and determining the plausible risk factors associated with the shift could aid in developing informed public health strategies, specially to support the people with alcohol and tobacco dependence problems. This will also assist in managing the magnitude of the alcohol-and tobacco-related problems that may differ between high-, middle-, and low-income countries 19 . Therefore, the objectives of this study were firstly, to determine the proportion of people across several countries who reported a change in alcohol drinking and tobacco use during the COVID-19 pandemic, and secondly, to determine the factors associated with the increase in alcohol drinking and tobacco use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated with an increase in alcohol consumption and tobacco use during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study of data from 105 countries

Quadri¹,

Lusher²,

Foláyan³

et al. 2023

Tob. Induc. Dis.

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INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic has inevitably led to monumental challenges, and alcohol drinking and tobacco use have unlikely been spared. This cross-sectional survey reports on factors associated with an increase in alcohol drinking and tobacco use during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS An online survey conducted in 2020, generated data from 14899 adults residing in 105 countries. Dependent variables were changes in alcohol drinking and tobacco use. Independent variables were age, sex, education level, job loss, lost or reduced wages, investment/retirement benefits, interrupted substance addiction care, and income level of the countries. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was computed to explore the associations between dependent and independent variables in adjusted models using the backward stepwise method. The probability of including or excluding a covariate was set at p(in)<0.05 and p(out)>0.1, respectively. RESULTS Of the regular alcohol consumers (N=4401), 22.9% reported an increase in their alcohol drinking. Of the regular tobacco users (N=2718), 31% reported an increase in their tobacco use. Job loss (Alcohol: AOR=1.26; Tobacco: AOR=1.32) and lost/reduced wages (Alcohol: AOR=1.52; Tobacco: AOR=1.52) were associated with higher odds of increased alcohol drinking and tobacco use. Many interruptions to addiction care (AOR=1.75) were associated with higher odds of increased alcohol drinking. Whereas no interruption to addiction care was associated with lower odds of increased alcohol drinking (AOR=0.77). Also, none (AOR=0.66) or some (AOR=0.70) interruptions to addiction care were associated with lower odds of increased tobacco use. CONCLUSIONS This global survey alludes to the unintended consequences of the current COVID-19 pandemic on alcohol drinking and tobacco use. It is critical that the strategies for emergency responses should include support to ameliorate the impact of financial distress and disruption in substance dependence treatment services.

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Emerging Adults in Inpatient Substance Use Treatment: A Prospective Cohort Study of Patient Characteristics and Treatment Outcomes

Cited by 18 publications

References 53 publications

Inpatients in substance use treatment with co-occurring psychiatric disorders: a prospective cohort study of characteristics and relapse predictors

Inpatients in substance use treatment with co-occurring psychiatric disorders: a prospective cohort study of characteristics and relapse predictors

A High-Sugar Diet Consumption, Metabolism and Health Impacts with a Focus on the Development of Substance Use Disorder: A Narrative Review

Factors associated with an increase in alcohol consumption and tobacco use during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study of data from 105 countries

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