Emerging 3D‐Printed Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices: A Critical Review

Abstract

Three‐dimensional (3D) printing, a layer‐by‐layer deposition technology, has a revolutionary role in a broad range of applications. As an emerging advanced fabrication technology, it has drawn growing interest in the field of electrochemical energy storage because of its inherent advantages including the freeform construction and controllable 3D structural prototyping. This article focuses on the topic of 3D‐printed electrochemical energy storage devices (EESDs), which bridge advanced electrochemical energy storage and future additive manufacturing. Basic 3D printing systems and material considerations are described to provide a fundamental understanding of printing technologies for the fabrication of EESDs. The performance metrics of 3D‐printed EESDs are then given and the related performance optimization strategies are discussed. Next, the recent advances of 3D‐printed EESDs, including sandwich‐type and in‐plane architectures, are summarized. Conclusions and future perspectives with some unique challenges and important directions are then discussed. It can be expected that, with the help of 3D printing technology, the development of advanced electrochemical energy storage systems will be greatly promoted.

3D‐Printed Structure Boosts the Kinetics and Intrinsic Capacitance of Pseudocapacitive Graphene Aerogels

“…3D‐printing technologies have been extensively used in different research fields such as energy storage devices, catalysis, electronics, microfluidics, and biotechnology . These printing technologies have enabled the creation of unique material and device structures that cannot be achieved by conventional methods .…”

Towards smart free form-factor 3D printable batteries

“…Furthermore, when the 3D-printed electrodes are composed of nanomaterials, the number of electrochemically active sites signicantly increases. 12 Malone et al 17 demonstrated the concept of sandwich-type all-printed batteries, based on zinc-air chemistry, by the deposition of zinc, electrolyte and catalysts, with separator media and electrodes via syringe-assisted extrusion of the active-material paste. Later, Kohlmeyer and co-workers 18 reported a series of studies on the effects of each component in optimizing the overall performance of free-standing and current-collectorembedded 3D printed LFP, LTO and LCO batteries.…”

“…12 In recent years, the 3D printing technique has received increasing attention due to its viability in various applications. This method is a novel class of freeform fabrication technologies that have a variety of possibilities for the rapid creation of complex architectures at lower cost than conventional methods.…”

Progress of Nanostructured Electrode Materials for Supercapacitors

“…Moreover, the new emerging materials such as 2D MXenes, LDH, and other 3D materials can be used as hierarchical structure templates to synthesize the multidimensional nanostructure carbon materials. [153,154] Furthermore, the nanostructure carbon materials could be prepared by the new synthetic technology such as aerosol spray [155][156][157][158][159] and 3D printing technology, [160][161][162][163][164] which are simple, cost-effective and shows incredible versatility for materials processing with diverse nanostructures and unique properties. All in all, the power and energy densities need to be further improved and these designed novel nanostructure carbon materials would promote a new generation of supercapacitors with outstanding electrochemical performance in the near future.…”