Emergent Universe with Particle Production

Abstract

The possibility of an emergent universe solution to Einstein's field equations allowing for an irreversible creation of matter at the expense of the gravitational field is shown. With the universe being chosen as spatially flat FRW spacetime together with equation of state proposed in [17], the solution exists when the ratio of the phenomenological matter creation rate to the number density times the Hubble parameter is a number β of the order of unity and independent of time. The thermodynamic behaviour is also determined for this solution. Interestingly, we also find that an emergent universe scenario is present with usual equation of state in cosmology when the matter creation rate is chosen to be a constant. More general class of emergent universe solutions are also discussed.

Cosmology with modified continuity equation in asymptotically safe gravity

“…However, such an equation of state gives rise to exotic matter. In [40], it was shown using the matter creation formulation [41], that one can get an emergent universe using the standard equation of state p = Ωρ. But in this study we find that the RG flow of the Newton's gravitational constant and cosmological constant with proper choice of cut-off functions, leads to an emergent universe solution using the standard equation of state p = Ωρ.…”

Thermodynamics and emergent universe

“…The formalism augments the field equations of Einstein by introducing a conservation equation for particles. In a recent paper [15], it has been shown that one can have an emergent universe scenario in the context of this formalism which allows for an irreversible creation of matter at the cost of the field of gravitation.…”