Emergent trends in the reported incidence of prostate cancer in Nigeria

Ifere, Godwin O.; Abebe, Fisseha; Ananaba, Godwin A.

doi:10.2147/clep.s23536

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(63 reference statements)

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“…1980–2009, excluding 2010–2015 where we retrieved only 4 data points, see Tables 3 & 4 ). This is also in line with many reports; for example, advancing age has been described as a major risk factor for prostate cancer, with a peak incidence among men aged 65 years or higher across many world regions [ 56 ]. Moreover, in 1990, incidence rates of prostate cancer were between 2.6–16.9/100,000 across many parts of Africa [ 20 , 74 ], with this increasing to 4.7–38.1/100,000 in 2007 [ 75 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

An Estimate of the Incidence of Prostate Cancer in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2016

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BackgroundProstate cancer (PCa) is rated the second most common cancer and sixth leading cause of cancer deaths among men globally. Reports show that African men suffer disproportionately from PCa compared to men from other parts of the world. It is still quite difficult to accurately describe the burden of PCa in Africa due to poor cancer registration systems. We systematically reviewed the literature on prostate cancer in Africa and provided a continent-wide incidence rate of PCa based on available data in the region.MethodsA systematic literature search of Medline, EMBASE and Global Health from January 1980 to June 2015 was conducted, with additional search of Google Scholar, International Association of Cancer Registries (IACR), International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), and WHO African region websites, for studies that estimated incidence rate of PCa in any African location. Having assessed quality and consistency across selected studies, we extracted incidence rates of PCa and conducted a random effects meta-analysis.ResultsOur search returned 9766 records, with 40 studies spreading across 16 African countries meeting our selection criteria. We estimated a pooled PCa incidence rate of 22.0 (95% CI: 19.93–23.97) per 100,000 population, and also reported a median incidence rate of 19.5 per 100,000 population. We observed an increasing trend in PCa incidence with advancing age, and over the main years covered.ConclusionEffective cancer registration and extensive research are vital to appropriately quantifying PCa burden in Africa. We hope our findings may further assist at identifying relevant gaps, and contribute to improving knowledge, research, and interventions targeted at prostate cancer in Africa.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

An Estimate of the Incidence of Prostate Cancer in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2016

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“…The incidence of CaP was highest among patients older than seventy-two years. This is consistent with studies of (Ifere, Abebe, & Ananaba, 2012). CaP is known to be a disease of the aged with very few incidences observed among those below forty years, and very recurring as men progress in age.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

This article has been taken down

Abi

Fagbamigbe

Akinwande

2020

Preprint

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Background: Survival analysis is a statistical method for modeling the probability that a subset of a given population will survive past a certain time. In the context of cancer, this probability would represent a recurrence of tumor, or remission (i.e. being disease-free). This study seeks to compare the traditional frequentist approach and the Bayesian approach to survival analysis in estimating, and the predictors of prostate cancer (CaP) survivorship. Prostate cancer starts when healthy cells in the prostate gland change and grow out of place, forming a mass called a tumor. Method: A retrospective analytical study design was employed, through the extraction of case files of patients diagnosed and treated for CaP from January 2010 to December 2017 at UCH, Ibadan. The extracted data were further divided into two cohorts (2010 - 2014) and (2015 - 2017). A proforma was used for extraction which includes the following sections; socio-demographic, clinical/pathological characteristics, date of diagnosis, date last seen, and treatment received. Descriptive statistics were used to describe these characteristics. The survival probability was determined by the KM survival method. Cox proportional hazard (CPH), Weibull AFT, and Bayesian Weibull AFT (using normal prior distribution) models were used to determine predictors of survivorship. Results: The average age of the patients was 72 years, with a peak incidence of CaP among those aged 70 79 years. Most patients 87.3% were diagnosed at stage IV, with many having metastasis to the spine. Among the patients, 33.6% received chemotherapy and surgery. Patients from Northcentral had the highest median survival (MS) time in the (2015 - 2017) cohort. The overall MS time for the (2010 - 2014) cohort was 2.9 months, and 3.3 months for the (2015 - 2017) cohort while the overall MS time for the study was 3.2 months. Patients treated with chemotherapy and surgery in both cohorts experienced delayed remission. The Weibull AFT model found that patients with a moderately differentiated Gleason experienced a 50% increase in time (TR = 0.5; 95%CI: 0.3 0.9) to remission. Patients, with a poorly differentiated Gleason, experienced a 70% decrease in time (aTR = 1.7; 95%CI: 1.0 - 2.7) to remission. The Bayesian AFT model also found delay in time to remission for patients with moderately differentiated Gleason (TR = 0.6; 95%CrI: 0.3 0.9), and those treated with Chemotherapy and Surgery (aTR = 3.3; 95%CrI: 2.6 4.4). The Bayesian model showed that age, south-south, north-central, no family history of CaP, moderately and poorly differentiated Gleason and treatment with Chemotherapy, Radiotherapy, and Surgery, Chemotherapy, and Surgery to significantly delay time to remission. Conclusion: This study found that in considering predictors of survivorship a host of factors should be considered, particularly age, location, marital status, occupation, stage, method of diagnosis, Gleason group, site, and treatment received. In terms of approaches to survival analysis, greater emphasis should be given to the Bayesian approach, as observed in this study, the Bayesian approach extracted more significant predictors of survivorship than the CPH and Weibull AFT models and besides, it is more suitable for studies with fewer observations.

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“…However, a prevalence rate as high as 15.7% of the disease was documented recently in a population-based study reported from the Eastern part of Nigeria [4]. There are also various reports suggestive that the PCa disease is occurring among the younger Nigerian males in contrast to previous reports [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The impact of plasma zinc status on the severity of prostate cancer disease

2019

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Purpose The severity of prostate cancer (PCa), which determines the disease progression, is theorized to be a function of zinc status. Hence, this study was structured to determine the impact of zinc status on the severity and progression of PCa disease. Materials and Methods This was a descriptive cross-sectional study of 220 histologically-confirmed PCa patients and 220 age-matched controls, conducted prospectively in a Nigerian tertiary hospital. Plasma zinc, prostate-specific antigen, creatinine, fasting glucose, and estimated glomerular filtration rate were determined for both study groups. The International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grades and the American Joint Committee on Cancer clinical staging were employed as indices for PCa severity (grade) and progression (stage) respectively. Results The PCa patients had markedly reduced plasma zinc status compared to controls (cases: 9.42±3.02 µmol/L versus controls: 15.23±4.47 µmol/L; p<0.001). Low zinc status was more pronounced within the severe grade and advanced PCa disease subgroups (p<0.001). Inverse relationships existed between zinc status and ISUP grades among the entire PCa patient (p<0.001) and the categorized PCa grade and stage subgroups (p<0.001). Low zinc status had significant impact of predicting severe (crude=odds ratio [OR], 8.714; p<0.001; age-adjusted=OR, 11.152; p<0.001) and advanced (crude=OR, 17.160; p<0.001; age-adjusted=OR, 18.927; p<0.001) PCa disease. Conclusions This study suggests that low plasma zinc status is associated with severe grade and advanced PCa disease. However, further well-designed studies with large sample sizes are warranted to confirm these associations.

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Emergent trends in the reported incidence of prostate cancer in Nigeria

Cited by 17 publications

References 52 publications

An Estimate of the Incidence of Prostate Cancer in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

An Estimate of the Incidence of Prostate Cancer in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

This article has been taken down

The impact of plasma zinc status on the severity of prostate cancer disease

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