Emergent learning outcomes from a complex learning landscape

An exploration of nudging towards transformative environmental behaviour changes prior to a values-crystallization event

“…Pro-environmental behaviours in specific practices like recycling, upgrading to energy-efficient domestic appliances, conserving water, using public transport, and turning off lights [ 10 , 11 ] have been given much attention by both educators and governments. While seemingly small in effect, if persistently practiced by many people over time, they will aggregate to larger effect [ 12 , 13 ] and educational institutions can have a general impact by training individuals to think critically about such specific behaviours, and thus understand their impacts on the planet [ 14 , 15 ]. Although direct education about specific environmental behaviour can sometimes influence students to change, a different approach highly sought by researchers in sustainability is the concept of Transformative Learning (TL) to instead challenge and change underlying frames of references and worldviews of individuals, because this approach has the potential for deep impact on multiple sustained behaviour changes - transformative behaviour changes [ 16 , 17 ].…”

The Environmentalal Space Design of Xiu Garden in Yangzhou Merchant Garden in Ming Dynasty

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The level and quantity of private gardens in Jiangnan in Ming Dynasty are the highest. Due to the emergence of capitalism in the middle and late period, urban industry and commerce developed rapidly, especially Huizhou merchants, with their strong material foundation, created a new situation of social communication in Jiangnan [1]. Through the collection and reference of ancient books and documents of Yangzhou merchant gardens and the analysis of Fang Xiangying's Reconstructing Xiuyuan, the paper finds that the environmental design of Xiu garden can be summarized as follows: (1) highlighting the literati temperament and attaching importance to the reference.

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