Emergent force in a bilayer superfluid Bose-Fermi mixture

Abstract

We investigate a system of two-atomic species in mixed dimensions, in which one species is spread in a three-dimensional space and the other species is confined in two parallel layers. The presence of atoms in 3-dimensions creates an induced potential for the ones confined in layers. Depending on the effective scattering length and the layer separation, the formation of p-wave pairing within the same layer or s-wave pairing between different layers has been suggested. It is shown that these pairs cannot coexist when time-reversal symmetry (TRS) is on, and there appears a transition from p-wave to s-wave as the ratio of the layer separation and the effective scattering length decreases. With the formation of the inter-layer pairing, we find an emergent force to be present at the critical point and show that it can be derived from the ground state energy. This result offers a tool for experimentally realizing such transitions, and can find notable potential in the field of quantumthermodynamics.