Emergency water supply: A review of potential technologies and selection criteria

Loo, Siew-Leng; Fane, Anthony G.; Krantz, William B.; Lim, Teik−Thye

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2012.03.030

Cited by 221 publications

(164 citation statements)

References 175 publications

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“…It is necessary to enhance the capacity of the surface water supply and divert surface water underground during wet years and flood seasons to preserve water [76]. Moreover, improving the water supply capability of springs is advised.…”

Section: Emergency Water Supplymentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Water Scarcity on the Fenhe River Basin and Mitigation Strategies

Shao

Cai

Luan

et al. 2017

Water

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This study produced a drought map for the Fenhe River basin covering the period from 150 BC to 2012 using regional historical drought records. Based on meteorological and hydrological features, the characteristics and causes of water scarcity in the Fenhe River basin were examined, along with their impact on the national economy and ecological environment. The effects of water scarcity in the basin on the national economy were determined from agricultural, industrial, and domestic perspectives. The impact on aquatic ecosystems was ascertained through an evolution trend analysis of surface water systems, including rivers, wetlands, and slope ecosystems, and subterranean water systems, including groundwater and karst springs. As a result of these analyses, strategies are presented for coping with water scarcity in this basin, including engineering countermeasures, such as the construction of a water network in Shanxi, and the non-engineering approach of groundwater resource preservation. These comprehensive coping strategies are proposed with the aim of assisting the prevention and control of water scarcity in the arid and semi-arid areas of China.

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Section: Emergency Water Supplymentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Water Scarcity on the Fenhe River Basin and Mitigation Strategies

Shao

Cai

Luan

et al. 2017

Water

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“…Moreover, access to safe drinking water is one of the first priorities following a disaster in a local community (Loo et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficiency of Slow Sand Filter in Purifying Well Water

Bagundol

Awa

Rosellynn

et al. 2013

JMDS

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Slow sand filter can be effective for water purification. The formation of "schmutzdecke" on the surface of the sand bed can vary the efficiency of slow sand filter. This study aimed to investigate the efficiency of slow sand filter in purifying well water using Labo River sand as the filter medium. Bacteriological analysis and turbidity tests were done on water samples from deep and shallow well before and after filtration at 0.30 m, 0.60 m and 0.90 m filter depths and at 200 L/hr.m 2 , 300 L/hr.m 2 and 400 L/hr.m 2 flow-through rates. Percent removal of E. coli varied and efficiency was generally high at different depths and flowthrough rates. However, E. coli removal in different filter depths and flowthrough rates was not significant (p<0.05). Percent efficiency in reducing turbidity varied. Efficiency was increasing at increasing depths and flow-through rates. There was a significant difference on the efficiency to reduce turbidity among different sand filter depths (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference on the efficiency to reduce turbidity among the three flow-through rates. A significant interaction between filter depth and the flow-through rate in the removal of E. coli (p<0.05) was observed which means that increasing the depth of the sand filter while slowing the filtration rate improved efficiency in E. coli removal of the raw water. Most of the bacteria and particle removal is ascribed to schmutzdecke development. This study can help address the water problem particularly in local communities that depend greatly on well water for drinking.

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“…Additionally, responders often default to familiar interventions using "intuition" and "if it worked before it will work again" . As the effectiveness of WASH interventions depends on contextual factors unique to each emergency (Bastable & Russell, 2013;Loo et al, 2012;, these unjustified assumptions has led to use of interventions in inappropriate situations (Dorea, 2012;Loo et al, 2012). Contextually appropriate information on WASH intervention effectiveness may provide more relevant and effective guidance for responders and lead to better WASH interventions in emergencies.…”

Section: Why Is It Important To Do This Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-term WASH interventions in emergency response: a systematic review

Yates¹,

Allen²,

Joseph³

et al. 2017

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The International Initiative for Impact Evaluation (3ie) is an international grant-making NGO promoting evidence-informed development policies and programmes. We are the global leader in funding, producing and synthesising high-quality evidence of what works, for whom, why and at what cost. We believe that better and policy-relevant evidence will help make development more effective and improve people's lives. 3ie systematic reviews 3ie systematic reviews appraise and synthesise the available high-quality evidence on the effectiveness of social and economic development interventions in low-and middleincome countries. These reviews follow scientifically recognised review methods, and are peer-reviewed and quality assured according to internationally accepted standards. 3ie is providing leadership in demonstrating rigorous and innovative review methodologies, such as using theory-based approaches suited to inform policy and programming in the dynamic contexts and challenges of low-and middle-income countries.

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Emergency water supply: A review of potential technologies and selection criteria

Cited by 221 publications

References 175 publications

Impact of Water Scarcity on the Fenhe River Basin and Mitigation Strategies

Impact of Water Scarcity on the Fenhe River Basin and Mitigation Strategies

Efficiency of Slow Sand Filter in Purifying Well Water

Short-term WASH interventions in emergency response: a systematic review

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