Emergency Planning Zones Estimation for Karachi-2 and Karachi-3 Nuclear Power Plants using Gaussian Puff Model

Abstract

Emergency planning zones (PAZ and UPZ) around the Karachi-2 and Karachi-3 nuclear power plants (K-2/K-3 NPPs) have been realistically determined by employing Gaussian puff model and Gaussian plume model together for atmospheric transport, diffusion, and deposition of radioactive material using onsite and regional data related to meteorology, topography, and land-use along with latest IAEA Post-Fukushima Guidelines. The analysis work has been carried out using U.S.NRC computer code RASCAL 4.2. The assumed environmental radioactive releases provide the sound theoretical and practical bases for the estimation of emergency planning zones covering most expected scenario of severe accident and most recent multiunit Fukushima Accident. Sheltering could be used as protective action for longer period of about 04 days. The area about 3 km of K-2/K-3 NPPs site should be evacuated and an iodine thyroid blocking agent should be taken before release up to about 14 km to prevent severe deterministic effects. Stochastic effects may be avoided or minimized by evacuating the area within about 8 km of the K-2/K-3 NPPs site. Protective actions may become more effective and cost beneficial by using current methodology as Gaussian puff model realistically represents atmospheric transport, dispersion, and disposition processes in contrast to straight-line Gaussian plume model explicitly in study area. The estimated PAZ and UPZ were found 3 km and 8 km, respectively, around K-2/K-3 NPPs which are in well agreement with IAEA Post-Fukushima Study. Therefore, current study results could be used in the establishment of emergency planning zones around K-2/K-3 NPPs.

Key Points in Air Pollution Meteorology

“…Moreover, it may easily be extended to more complex configurations of sources. Şahin and Ali [ 78 ] determined the emergency planning zones around two nuclear power plants using this model, and Rohmah and Nurokhim [ 79 ] simulated I 131 dispersion around a nuclear facility. Similarly, Maués et al [ 80 ] applied this model to evaluate the air quality of Volta Redonda, Brazil, where a large steel plant is located, and reported concentration curves around the plant showing the plume impact.…”

Development of radionuclide dispersion modeling software based on Gaussian Plume model

“…The results shows that the values at 1 km distance is higher compared to 500 m due to the shortcoming of the Gaussian plume model. The simplicity in the input parameters and straight-line nature of the Gaussian Plume Model makes it unsuitable to be employed for calculation in the near wake distance from the point of radioactive effluence release [14,16,28].…”

“…GPM have been used in many emergency events, such as in the work of refs. [12][13][14]. Other than that, GPM has also been used to assess the dispersion of radioactive effluent from a hypothetical nuclear accident [11,[15][16][17][18][19][20].…”