Emergency Planning and the Acute Toxic Potency of Inhaled Ammonia

Michaels, Robert A.

doi:10.2307/3434452

Cited by 22 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 2 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…It is well known that the thick film of MnO 2 modified ZnO consists of an largest number of grains of MnO 2 distributed on the surface. Upon exposure to ammonia, a remarkable decrease in the resistance of the sensor was observed [12], which may be due to the surface reaction of ammonia with physisorbed H 2 O or by proton conductivity via NH 4 + cations. MnO 2 may generate the solid acidity on solid bases such as ZrO 2 and ZnO.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Room Temperature Ammonia Gas Sensing Using MnO<sub>2</sub>-Modified ZnO Thick Film Resistors

Patil¹,

Sonawane²,

Patil³

2011

JMP

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Pure ZnO thick film, prepared by screen-printing technique, was almost insensitive to NH 3 . Pure ZnO thick films were surface modified with MnO 2 by dipping them into 0.01 M aqueous solution of manganese chloride (MnCl 2 ) for different intervals of time and fired at 500˚C for 12 h. The grains of MnO 2 would disperse around the grains of ZnO base material. The MnO 2 modified ZnO films dipped for 30 min were observed to be sensitive and highly selective to NH 3 gas at room temperature. An exceptional sensitivity was found to low concentration (50 ppm) of NH 3 gas at room temperature and no cross sensitivity was observed even to high concentrations of other hazardous and polluting gases. The effects of surface microstructure and MnO 2 concentrations on the sensitivity, selectivity, response and recovery of the sensor in the presence of NH 3 and other gases were studied and discussed. The better performance could be attributed to an optimum number of surface misfits in terms of MnO 2 on the ZnO films.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A leak in the system can result the health hazards. Ammonia is harmful and toxic [1][2][3][4][5] in nature. Therefore all industries working on and for ammonia should have an alarm system detecting and warning for dangerous ammonia concentration levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Room Temperature Ammonia Gas Sensing Using MnO<sub>2</sub>-Modified ZnO Thick Film Resistors

Patil¹,

Sonawane²,

Patil³

2011

JMP

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“…[15][16][17] However, the large-scale fabrication process of these sensors still suffers from the intrinsic drawback of processing an individual nanostructure. To address this issue, we proposed an alternative route to minimize such drawbacks through a highly ordered template a Department of Physics and Centre of Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, India b based aligned luminescent ZnO nanowire array.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probing the highly efficient room temperature ammonia gas sensing properties of a luminescent ZnO nanowire array prepared via an AAO-assisted template route

et al. 2014

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Here, we report the facile synthesis of a highly ordered luminescent ZnO nanowire array using a low temperature anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) template route which can be economically produced in large scale quantity. The as-synthesized nanowires have diameters ranging from 60 to 70 nm and length ∼11 µm. The photoluminescence spectrum reveals that the AAO/ZnO assembly has a strong green emission peak at 490 nm upon excitation at a wavelength of 406 nm. Furthermore, the ZnO nanowire array-based gas sensor has been fabricated by a simple micromechanical technique and its NH 3 gas sensing properties have been explored thoroughly. The fabricated gas sensor exhibits excellent sensitivity and fast response to NH 3 gas at room temperature. Moreover, for 50 ppm NH 3 concentration, the observed value of sensitivity is around 68%, while the response and recovery times are 28 and 29 seconds, respectively. The present synthesis technique to produce a highly ordered ZnO nanowire array and a fabricated gas sensor has great potential to push the low cost gas sensing nanotechnology.

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“…However, it is flammable and poisonous that can cause seizures, collapse, lung damage, blindness, coma, and even death [9][10][11][12]. Therefore, determining the leakage of ammonia in ambient environment becomes critical.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ammonia is an important industrial forming gas used in various fields including pharmaceuticals and chemical industries as well as national security [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. However, it is flammable and poisonous that can cause seizures, collapse, lung damage, blindness, coma, and even death [9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NH3 sensing property and mechanisms of quartz surface acoustic wave sensors deposited with SiO2, TiO2, and SiO2-TiO2 composite films

Tang

et al. 2018

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

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Northumbria University has developed Northumbria Research Link (NRL) to enable users to access the University's research output. Copyright © and moral rights for items on NRL are retained by the individual author(s) and/or other copyright owners. Single copies of full items can be reproduced, displayed or performed, and given to third parties in any format or medium for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge, provided the authors, title and full bibliographic details are given, as well as a hyperlink and/or URL to the original metadata page. The content must not be changed in any way. Full items must not be sold commercially in any format or medium without formal permission of the copyright holder. The full policy is available online: http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/policies.html This document may differ from the final, published version of the research and has been made available online in accordance with publisher policies. To read and/or cite from the published version of the research, please visit the publisher's website (a subscription may be required.) This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. and SiO2-TiO2 films showed positive frequency shifts, whereas SiO2 film exhibits a negative frequency shift to NH3 gas. it is believed that the negative frequency shift was mainly caused by the increase of NH3 mass loading on the sensitive film while the positive frequency shift was associated to the condensation of the hydroxyl groups (-OH) on the film making the film stiffer and lighter, when exposed to NH3 gas. It demonstrated that humidity played a significant factor on the sensing performance. Comparative studies exhibited that the sensor based on the composite SiO2-TiO2 film had a much better sensitivity to NH3 at a low concentration level (1 ppm) with a response of 2 KHz, and also showed fast response and recovery, excellent selectivity, stability and reproducibility. Accepted Manuscript

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Emergency Planning and the Acute Toxic Potency of Inhaled Ammonia

Cited by 22 publications

References 2 publications

Room Temperature Ammonia Gas Sensing Using MnO<sub>2</sub>-Modified ZnO Thick Film Resistors

Room Temperature Ammonia Gas Sensing Using MnO<sub>2</sub>-Modified ZnO Thick Film Resistors

Probing the highly efficient room temperature ammonia gas sensing properties of a luminescent ZnO nanowire array prepared via an AAO-assisted template route

NH3 sensing property and mechanisms of quartz surface acoustic wave sensors deposited with SiO2, TiO2, and SiO2-TiO2 composite films

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Emergency Planning and the Acute Toxic Potency of Inhaled Ammonia

Cited by 22 publications

References 2 publications

Room Temperature Ammonia Gas Sensing Using MnO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-Modified ZnO Thick Film Resistors

Room Temperature Ammonia Gas Sensing Using MnO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-Modified ZnO Thick Film Resistors

Probing the highly efficient room temperature ammonia gas sensing properties of a luminescent ZnO nanowire array prepared via an AAO-assisted template route

NH3 sensing property and mechanisms of quartz surface acoustic wave sensors deposited with SiO2, TiO2, and SiO2-TiO2 composite films

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Product

Resources

About

Room Temperature Ammonia Gas Sensing Using MnO<sub>2</sub>-Modified ZnO Thick Film Resistors

Room Temperature Ammonia Gas Sensing Using MnO<sub>2</sub>-Modified ZnO Thick Film Resistors