Emergency Message Dissemination Schemes Based on Congestion Avoidance in VANET and Vehicular FoG Computing

Abstract

With the rapid growth in connected vehicles, FoG-assisted vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is an emerging and novel field of research. For information sharing, a number of messages are exchanged in various applications, including traffic monitoring and area-specific live weather and social aspects monitoring. It is quite challenging where vehicles' speed, direction, and density of neighbors on the move are not consistent. In this scenario, congestion avoidance is also quite challenging to avoid communication loss during busy hours or in emergency cases. This paper presents emergency message dissemination schemes that are based on congestion avoidance scenario in VANET and vehicular FoG computing. In the similar vein, FoG-assisted VANET architecture is explored that can efficiently manage the message congestion scenarios. We present a taxonomy of schemes that address message congestion avoidance. Next, we have included a discussion about comparison of congestion avoidance schemes to highlight the strengths and weaknesses. We have also identified that FoG servers help to reduce the accessibility delays and congestion as compared to directly approaching cloud for all requests in linkage with big data repositories. For the dependable applicability of FoG in VANET, we have identified a number of open research challenges.

RBO-EM: Reduced Broadcast Overhead Scheme for Emergency Message Dissemination in VANETs

“…Drivers can prevent accidents by timely broadcasting EMs. Therefore, dissemination speed, particularly for time critical EMs, is a significant performance factor [15]. It is particularly challenging to design such systems for the highly dynamic vehicular networks.…”

INRISCO: INcident monitoRing in Smart COmmunities

“…Regarding the latter, we highlight three approaches to disseminate warning messages efficiently in a VANET: (i) Junction-Store-Forward (JSF) [92] is a protocol designed to exploit the road topology by considering that vehicles rebroadcasts the message every time they arrive at a new junction until the message timer expires; (ii) In [52], authors designed two approaches for vehicular dissemination: Neighbor store and forward (NFS), an opportunistic protocol for scenarios with low vehicles' density so that the current holding vehicle carries the packet until it finds a new neighbor to rebroadcast the message; and nearest junction located (NJL), a scheme for vehicular scenarios with high density designed to relay the message only if the vehicle is the closest to any intersection; (iii) In [93], authors propose a multi-hop broadcast scheme based on an accurate estimation of the connectivity probability among vehicles to coordinate the contention among candidate forwarders. Our proposal adaptive distributed dissemination (ADD) [42] improves other proposals as results in section VIII-C show, in terms of packet delivery ratio, average packet delay, broadcast overhead, and number of collision packets.…”

Secure and Blockchain-Based Emergency Driven Message Protocol for 5G Enabled Vehicular Edge Computing

“…Also, most of the scheme such as [20] are built using expensive bilinear pairing techniques which are very heavy for mobile and ad hoc networks. In [23], the authors proposed an emergency message dissemination for vehicular communications. Though the paper specifically target EDM, the authors mainly presented fog assisted architecture, highlighted limitations of relevant schemes in the literature and concluded with open research discussions.…”

“…Third, most of the schemes is built using expensive bilinear pairing techniques which are expensive and time consuming operations that degrade the overall protocol performance. To the best of our knowledge, there is one relevant article for emergency message dissemination for vehicular communications [23]. The authors basically presented a fog assisted architecture, highlighted limitations of relevant schemes in the literature and concluded with open research discussions.…”