Emergency Medicine

Bregstein, Joan; Roskind, Cindy G.; Sonnett, F. Meridith

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-06561-0.00005-7

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Moreover, fractured sites often facilitate the herniation of intraorbital bodies, so they may become constrained by the rim of the fractured area as well as the trapdoor displacement of a thin orbital bone segment 4 . The direct consequence of blow-out trauma may cause additional symptoms, including diplopia, enophthalmos (the posterior displacement of the eyeball), loss of sensation over the upper lip and gums on the injured side, a handicapped upward gaze (as a result of entrapment of the inferior rectus muscle) or crepitus by palpation around the inferior orbital ridge 5 . There are also several potential factors that are responsible for the occurrence of blow-out trauma, such as competitive sports or military conflicts, but the most common are traffic accident cases and violent assaults, according to surveys and statistics from across various developed countries 6 – 8 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear dynamic analysis of the pure “buckling” mechanism during blow-out trauma of the human orbit

Trzebiatowski

Kl̵osowski

Skorek

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Considering the interplay between orbital bones and intraorbital soft tissues, commonly accepted patterns of the blow-out type of trauma within the human orbit require more thorough investigation to assess the minimal health-threatening impact value. Two different three-dimensional finite element method (FEM) models of the human orbital region were developed to simulate the pure “buckling” mechanism of orbital wall fracture in two variants: the model of orbital bone elements and the model of orbital bone, orbit and intraorbital tissue elements. The mechanical properties of the so-defined numerical skull fragment were applied to the model according to the unique laboratory tensile stress tests performed on small and fragile specimens of orbital bones as well as using the data available in the literature. The nonlinear transient analysis of the contact problem between bodies that differ substantially in terms of the Young’s modulus was carried out to investigate the interaction of different bodies within an instant injury. Potential damage areas were found within the lower orbital wall as well as the destructive load values for both FEM skull models (7,660 N and 8,520 N). Moreover, numerical simulations were validated by comparing them with computed tomography scans of real injuries.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear dynamic analysis of the pure “buckling” mechanism during blow-out trauma of the human orbit

Trzebiatowski

Kl̵osowski

Skorek

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Ferrous and ferric differentially deteriorate proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast-like UMR-106 cells

et al. 2018

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The association between iron overload and osteoporosis has been found in many diseases, such as hemochromatosis, β-thalassemia and sickle cell anemia with multiple blood transfusion. One of the contributing factors is iron toxicity to osteoblasts. Some studies showed the negative effects of iron on osteoblasts; however, the effects of two biological available iron species, i.e., ferric and ferrous, on osteoblasts are elusive. Since most intracellular ionized iron is ferric, osteoblasts was hypothesized to be more responsive to ferric iron. Herein, ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) and ferrous ammonium sulfate (FAS) were used as ferric and ferrous donors. Our results showed that both iron species suppressed cell survival and proliferation. Both also induced osteoblast cell death consistent with the higher levels of cleaved caspase 3 and caspase 7 in osteoblasts, indicating that iron induced osteoblast apoptosis. Iron treatments led to the elevated intracellular iron in osteoblasts as determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, thereby leading to a decreased expression of genes for cellular iron import and increased expression of genes for cellular iron export. Effects of FAC and FAS on osteoblast differentiation were determined by the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The lower ALP activity from osteoblast with iron exposure was found. In addition, ferric and ferrous differentially induced osteoblastic and osteoblast-derived osteoclastogenic gene expression alterations in osteoblast. Even though both iron species had similar effects on osteoblast cell survival and differentiation, the overall effects were markedly stronger in FAC-treated groups, suggesting that osteoblasts were more sensitive to ferric than ferrous.

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Emergency Medicine

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Nonlinear dynamic analysis of the pure “buckling” mechanism during blow-out trauma of the human orbit

Nonlinear dynamic analysis of the pure “buckling” mechanism during blow-out trauma of the human orbit

Ferrous and ferric differentially deteriorate proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast-like UMR-106 cells

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