Emergency department utilization among recently released prisoners: a retrospective cohort study

Frank, Janet C.; Andrews, Christina M.; Green, Traci C.; Samuels, Aaron M.; Trinh, T. Tony; Friedmann, Peter D.

doi:10.1186/1471-227x-13-16

Cited by 68 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…[72][73][74] Recent data also indicate that among PLWHA released from prison, ED visits were more likely to be related to substance use and psychiatric comorbidities, when compared to the general population. 75 This high rate of substance use-related ED visits is borne out in this cohort, in which there is a discrepancy between patient-provided chief complaints and provider diagnoses of substance use (14.7 vs 31.3 %) were related to substance use, respectively. Postrelease substance use and health care utilization has resulted from markedly slow uptake of implementing evidence-based treatment of SUDs in jail settings, including use of methadone, buprenorphine, or extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX) for opioid dependence or NTX for alcohol dependence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergency Department Use among HIV-Infected Released Jail Detainees

Boyd

Song²,

Meyer

et al. 2014

J Urban Health

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Release from short-term jail detention is highly destabilizing, associated with relapse to substance use, recidivism, and disrupted health care continuity. Little is known about emergency department (ED) use, potentially a surrogate for medical, psychiatric, or social instability, by people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) leaving jails. All ED visits were reviewed from medical records for a cohort of 109 PLHWA in the year following release from county jail in Connecticut, between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2010. Primary outcomes were frequency and timing of ED visits, modeled using multivariate negative binomial regression and Cox proportional hazards regression, respectively. Demographic, substance use, and psychiatric disorder severity factors were evaluated as potential covariates. . Those in late or sustained HIV care used the ED sooner than those not retained in HIV primary care (median for late retention 16.3 days, median for sustained retention 24.9 days, median for no retention not reached at 12 months, p value 0.004). Using multivariate modeling, those who used the ED earliest upon release were more likely to be homeless ]), to be retained in HIV care ), and to have recently used drugs ), yet had a low lifetime drug severity (HR 0.01 [0.00-0.14]). Among PLWHA released from jail, frequency of ED use is high, often soon after release, and is associated with social and drug-related destabilizing factors. Future interventions for this specific population should focus on addressing these resource gaps, ensuring housing, and establishing immediate linkage to HIV primary care after release from jail.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergency Department Use among HIV-Infected Released Jail Detainees

Boyd

Song²,

Meyer

et al. 2014

J Urban Health

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“…However in some other countries, including the United States, the majority of ex-prisoners do not have health insurance (Morrissey et al 2006), such that neither health outcomes nor patterns of healthcare use after release from prison are well understood. Those studies that do use routinely-collected, administrative data are often not representative of the wider ex-prisoner population; for example only including prisoners eligible for particular government benefit schemes (Wang et al 2013), only those living with HIV, or only those attending particular hospitals (Frank et al 2013). Partly for this reason, many studies of health outcomes and healthcare use in ex-prisoners rely on self-report, often noting that this is a potential limitation to the accuracy of their findings (Lorvick et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agreement between self-reported healthcare service use and administrative records in a longitudinal study of adults recently released from prison

et al. 2016

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BackgroundStudies of healthcare service use often rely on self-reported data, especially in disadvantaged populations. Despite this, the reliability of self-reported healthcare service use is often questioned and routinely-collected, administrative data are usually considered preferable. In this paper we examine the agreement between self-reported healthcare service use and administrative records, in a large cohort of adults recently released from prison in Australia.MethodsBaseline interviews within 6 weeks of expected release from prison and follow-up interviews at 1, 3 and 6 months post-release were linked to routinely-collected, administrative health records over the same time period. Outcomes of interest included use of primary care, emergency department presentation, hospitalisation and dispensing of subsidised pharmaceuticals. Kappa statistics and positive and negative predictive values were calculated for each service type and time point, and a modified Poisson regression was used to identify participant characteristics associated with better agreement.Results864 participants completed interviews and were successfully linked to administrative records. There was good agreement between self-report and administrative health records. Agreement between data sources at 1 month was best for psychotropic medications (kappa = 0.79) and primary care visits (kappa = 0.69).ConclusionDespite a common perception that studies using self-reported data are subject to bias, particularly among the disadvantaged, our findings suggest that self-reported healthcare may be valid in vulnerable populations.

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“…5 Previous studies have documented increased healthcare utilization by this population, but have been geographically limited or focused on specific subgroups. [10][11][12][13][14] This healthcare utilization will become increasingly relevant to state and federal policymakers with implementation of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as an estimated 53-57 % of individuals leaving prison will be eligible for Medicaid or subsidized private insurance. 15 Early evidence suggests that programs to improve access to care on release from prison may prevent high-cost utilization in the community.…”

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confidence: 99%

Increased Hospital and Emergency Department Utilization by Individuals with Recent Criminal Justice Involvement: Results of a National Survey

et al. 2014

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BACKGROUND: Individuals involved with the criminal justice system have increased health needs and poor access to primary care. OBJECTIVE: To examine hospital and emergency department (ED) utilization and related costs by individuals with recent criminal justice involvement. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. PARTICIPANTS: Non-institutionalized, civilian U.S. adult participants (n=154,356) of the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2008-2011). MAIN MEASURES: Estimated proportion of adults who reported past year 1) hospitalization or 2) ED utilization according to past year criminal justice involvement, defined as 1) parole or probation, 2) arrest without subsequent correctional supervision, or 3) no criminal justice involvement; estimated annual expenditures using unlinked data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. KEY RESULTS: An estimated 5.7 million adults reported parole or probation and an additional 3.9 million adults reported an arrest in the past year. Adults with recent parole or probation and those with a recent arrest, compared with the general population, had higher rates of hospitalization (12.3 %, 14.3 %, 10.5 %; P<0.001) and higher rates of ED utilization (39.3 %, 47.2 %, 26.9 %; P<0.001). Recent parole or probation was an independent predictor of hospitalization (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.21; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 1.02-1.44) and ED utilization (AOR, 1.35; 95 % CI, 1.12-1.63); Recent arrest was an independent predictor of hospitalization (AOR, 1.26; 95 % CI, 1.08-1.47) and ED utilization (AOR, 1.81; 95 % CI, 1.53-2.15). Individuals with recent criminal justice involvement make up 4.2 % of the U.S. adult population, yet account for an estimated 7.2 % of hospital expenditures and 8.5 % of ED expenditures. CONCLUSIONS: Recent criminal justice involvement is associated with increased hospital and ED utilization and costs. The criminal justice system may offer an important point of contact for efforts to improve the

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Emergency department utilization among recently released prisoners: a retrospective cohort study

Cited by 68 publications

References 31 publications

Emergency Department Use among HIV-Infected Released Jail Detainees

Emergency Department Use among HIV-Infected Released Jail Detainees

Agreement between self-reported healthcare service use and administrative records in a longitudinal study of adults recently released from prison

Increased Hospital and Emergency Department Utilization by Individuals with Recent Criminal Justice Involvement: Results of a National Survey

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