Emergency Department Impact of the Oklahoma City Terrorist Bombing

Hogan, David E.; Waeckerle, Joseph F.; Dire, Daniel J.; Lillibridge, Scott R.

doi:10.1016/s0196-0644(99)70224-6

Cited by 181 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In hindsight, the activation of the disaster plan by the nearest hospital might have been unnecessary since nearly all patients were transported to the MIH. However, initially it was unclear if the MIH would open and previous studies have shown that hospitals closest to the incident were overrun by selfreferrers [8,31] and emergency medical services [32,33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor fire in a nursing home: evaluation of the medical response to a mass casualty incident based on a standardized protocol

Koning

Ellerbroek

Leenen

2014

Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg

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Purpose This retrospective study reports the outcome of a mass casualty incident (MCI) caused by a fire in a nursing home. Methods Data from the medical charts and registration system of the Major Incident Hospital (MIH) and ambulance service were analyzed. The evaluation reports from the MIH and an independent research institute were used. The protocol for reports from major accidents and disaster was used to standardize the reporting [Lennquist, in Int J Disaster Med 1(1): [79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86] 2003]. Results The emergency services were quickly at the scene. The different levels of pre-hospital management performed a tight coordination. However, miscommunication led to confusion in the registration and tracking of patients. In total, 49 persons needed medical treatment, 46 were treated in the MIH. Because of (possible) inhalation injury nine patients needed mechanical ventilation and nine patients were hospitalized to exclude delayed onset of pulmonary symptoms. No incident related deaths occurred. The intensive care unit of the MIH was initially understaffed despite the efforts of the automated calling system and switchboard operators. The handwritten registration of incoming staff was incomplete and should be performed digitally. Some staff members were unfamiliar with the MIH procedures. The medical chart appeared too extensive. Miscommunication between chain partners resulted in the delayed sharing of (semi) medical information. Conclusion The different levels of incident managers performed a tight coordination. The MIH demonstrated its potency to provide emergency care for 46 patients and 9 intubated patients. No deaths or persistent disabilities occurred. Areas of improvement were recognized both in the pre-hospital as the hospital phase.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor fire in a nursing home: evaluation of the medical response to a mass casualty incident based on a standardized protocol

Koning

Ellerbroek

Leenen

2014

Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg

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“…23 Soft tissue injuries (lacerations, abrasions, and contusions) predominate among survivors of bombings. 4,6,28 Bombs characteristically cause multiple wounds with associated gross soiling. 29 The wounds vary in size from minute punctures to huge lacerations often impregnated with foreign bodies.…”

Section: Mechanisms and Determinants Of Injurymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 There were 163 immediate deaths and three dead on arrival at local hospitals. There were 388 victims treated in emergency departments the day of the bombing.…”

Section: Oklahoma City Oklahoma 1995mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 In the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing, there were 168 persons killed, 83 hospitalized and 509 treated as outpatients. 5,6 Thus, civilian emergency departments in the United States must be prepared for the possibility of large numbers of bombing victims.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…United States federal, postal, and military facilities are considered targets for terrorist bombings. 6 The Oklahoma City Alfred P.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Disaster Medicine: Conventional Terrorist Bombings

Dire¹

2001

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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Facilitating Hospital Emergency Preparedness: Introduction of a Model Memorandum of Understanding

Hodge¹,

Anderson

Kirsch

et al. 2011

Disaster med. public health prep.

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ABSTRACTEffective emergency response among hospitals and other health care providers stems from multiple factors depending on the nature of the emergency. While local emergencies can test hospital acute care facilities, prolonged national emergencies, such as the 2009 H1N1 outbreak, raise significant challenges. These events involve sustained surges of patients over longer periods and spanning entire regions. They require significant and sustained coordination of personnel, services, and supplies among hospitals and other providers to ensure adequate patient care across regions. Some hospitals, however, may lack structural principles to help coordinate care and guide critical allocation decisions. This article discusses a model Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) that sets forth essential principles on how to allocate scarce resources among providers across regions. The model seeks to align regional hospitals through advance agreements on procedures of mutual aid that reflect modern principles of emergency preparedness and changing legal norms in declared emergencies.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2011;5:54-61)

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Emergency Department Impact of the Oklahoma City Terrorist Bombing

Cited by 181 publications

References 35 publications

Indoor fire in a nursing home: evaluation of the medical response to a mass casualty incident based on a standardized protocol

Indoor fire in a nursing home: evaluation of the medical response to a mass casualty incident based on a standardized protocol

Disaster Medicine: Conventional Terrorist Bombings

Facilitating Hospital Emergency Preparedness: Introduction of a Model Memorandum of Understanding

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