Emergency care and narrative knowledge

Nairn, Stuart

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2004.03169.x

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The hygroscopic nature of the lignocellulosic, which is not taken into account in the adhesion factor calculation, and the onset of the formation of an interface region have been reported to be the main reasons for this phenomenon [23][24][25]. It should be noted that interfacial adhesion in thermoplastic composites is a very complex phenomenon and that many researchers have recently tried to identify the effect of temperature on interfacial adhesion under static and dynamic load, on the basis of micromechanical models [26][27][28].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the dynamic mechanical behavior of polypropylene/(wood flour)/(kenaf fiber) hybrid composites

Ghasemi

Azizi

Naeimian

2009

Vinyl Additive Technology

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Polypropylene/(wood flour)/(kenaf fiber) hybrid composites were prepared in an internal mixer. Kenaf was considered as a fibrous filler and wood flour as a particulate filler. The lignocellulosic loading used was 50%. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis properties such as storage modulus (E′), loss modulus (E″), damping factor (tan δ), and adhesion factor were evaluated. It was found that the adhesion factor could interpret the interfacial adhesion between lignocellulosic fillers and the plastic matrix macroscopically. This factor was affected by the type of filler used and the coupling agent concentration. The variation of storage modulus was affected more by the shape of the filler and the coupling agent concentration at higher temperatures than at temperatures below the glass transition. Owing to a higher probability of agglomeration in a sample containing 50 wt% of wood flour, the storage modulus and complex viscosity of this sample were higher than those of other samples. Cole‐Cole diagrams showed that the homogeneity of samples containing a higher amount of coupling agent was higher than that of samples with a lower concentration. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the dynamic mechanical behavior of polypropylene/(wood flour)/(kenaf fiber) hybrid composites

Ghasemi

Azizi

Naeimian

2009

Vinyl Additive Technology

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“…By assuming that debonding occurs when the energy release rate reaches a critical energy release rate (marked as G ic ), the interfacial fracture toughness was quantified from micro-debonding experiments by calculating the pullout force, the embedded length, and the diameter of the resin droplet. [38,39] The critical energy release rates and the typical force-displacement curves for different fiber composites were shown in Figure 10. The interfacial toughness increases obviously after applying PDA/D400 multilayers on fiber surface (Figure 10a), especially noticeable for CF-L3 composite, which shows maximum 99.8% augments to 139.5 J m −2 by comparing with CF composite.…”

Section: Interfacial Fracture Toughnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic Strengthening and Toughening the Interphase of Composites by Constructing Alternating “Rigid‐and‐Soft” Structure on Carbon Fiber Surface

Wan

Liu³

et al. 2019

Adv Materials Inter

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strength, [7] while weakening the interphase can produce additional toughness via fiber debonding and plastic deformation of the interfacial layer. [8] Therefore, engineering the interphase so as to solve the conflict between strength and toughness affords a good opportunity.Nacre, a unique microscale architecture of "brick-and -mortar" that can reform after breaking, endows it with pre-eminent mechanical strength and toughness. [9] Thus, considerable attentions have been contributed to mimic this delicate structure, aiming at gaining exceptional mechanical properties. Different inorganic materials, including graphene, [10] layered double hydroxide (LDH), [11] nanoclay, [12] man-made CaCO 3 , [13] Al 2 O 3 , [14] carbon nanotube (CNT), [15] and TiO 2 , [16] have been employed as "bricks" in fabrication of analogous nacre film materials. Observation of these nacre-like films indicates that the introduction of adequate reinforcing components and appropriate interfacial interactions over several distinct scales are keys affecting the mechanical properties. Inspired by these, whether construction of an composite interphase with nacre-like layered structure can simultaneously enhance the composites' interfacial strength and toughness?Layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly provides a good approach to fabricate such nacre-like layered structure at interphase region, since it has been proved to be a facile way for the fabrication of hierarchical nanostructured layers on various substrates via electrostatic interaction between differently charged materials. [1,6,17] To manifest the critical characteristics of natural nacre, a LDH/poly(sodium-4-styrenesulfonate) nanostructured coating over the surface of glass fiber by LbL was reported by Luca et al., [8] which increased the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) and debonding toughness by 30% and 162%. In addition, the LbL method has been employed to deposit graphene oxide (GO)/aramid nanofiber multilayers, [18] GO/SiO 2 multilayers, [19] and CNT coatings [20] on glass fiber or carbon fiber surface to improve interfacial adhesion of composites.Polydopamine (PDA) and other catechol compounds, due to their outstanding adhesive property and the role of providing platform for secondary reactions, are highly sought after being used to modify the inert surface of carbon fibers. [21][22][23][24][25] Moreover, PDA has dense aromatic structures in its molecular Interphase with nacre-like structured multilayer is constructed by alternatively depositing two polymers, respectively "rigid" polydopamine (PDA) and "flexible" polyether amine, on carbon fiber surface via the layer-by-layer (LbL) approach. The optimal interfacial strength and toughness are achieved for composites with three layers of PDA/polyether amine, respectively, 39.2% and 99.8% superior to the untreated fiber composites. The outstanding mechanical properties are mainly ascribed to the synergistic interactions of covalent bond, hydrogen bonding, and π-π stacking among fiber, multilayer, and matrix by transferring stress and bridgin...

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“…In recent years UK health policy has used measures of patient experience to identify strengths and weaknesses of service provision to inform commissioning, determine resource allocation and drive up quality. 4 Across a range of clinical conditions, studies have found positive associations between patient experience (defined by National Institute for Health and Care Excellence and the Institute of Medicine as the relational and functional aspects of care) 5 6 and a range of quality indicators, including patient safety and clinical effectiveness 4 7 However, the type of data collected by these surveys do not help us understand what matters to patients, 8 and tells us little about what good care looks like. This study explores patients’ experiences of OPAT services to identify issues that affect patient experience and satisfaction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A qualitative study of patients’ feedback about Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy (OPAT) services in Northern England: implications for service improvement

et al. 2018

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ObjectiveOutpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) provides opportunities for improved cost savings, but in the UK, implementation is patchy and a variety of service models are in use. The slow uptake in the UK and Europe is due to a number of clinical, financial and logistical issues, including concern about patient safety. The measurement of patient experience data is commonly used to inform commissioning decisions, but these focus on functional aspects of services and fail to examine the relational aspects of care. This qualitative study examines patients’ experiences of OPAT.DesignIn-depth, semistructured interviews.SettingPurposive sample of OPAT patients recruited from four acute National Health Service (NHS) Trusts in Northern England. These NHS Trusts between them represented both well-established and recently set-up services running nurse at home, hospital outpatient and/or self-administration models.ParticipantsWe undertook 28 semistructured interviews and one focus group (n=4).ResultsDespite good patient outcomes, experiences were coloured by patients’ personal situation and material circumstances. Many found looking after themselves at home more difficult than they expected, while others continued to work despite their infection. Expensive car parking, late running services and the inconvenience of waiting in for the nurse to arrive frustrated patients, while efficient services, staffed by nurses with the specialist skills needed to manage intravenous treatment had the opposite effect. Many patients felt a local, general practitioner or community health centre based service would resolve many of the practical difficulties that made OPAT inconvenient. Patients could find OPAT anxiety provoking but this could be ameliorated by staff taking the time to reassure patients and provide tailored information.ConclusionServices configurations must accommodate the diversity of the local population. Poor communication can leave patients lacking the confidence needed to be a competent collaborator in their own care and affect their perceptions of the service.

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Emergency care and narrative knowledge

Abstract: These narratives have their own 'truth', which should be incorporated into an understanding of what constitutes the lifeworld of emergency nurses.

Cited by 11 publications

References 49 publications

Investigation of the dynamic mechanical behavior of polypropylene/(wood flour)/(kenaf fiber) hybrid composites

Investigation of the dynamic mechanical behavior of polypropylene/(wood flour)/(kenaf fiber) hybrid composites

Synergistic Strengthening and Toughening the Interphase of Composites by Constructing Alternating “Rigid‐and‐Soft” Structure on Carbon Fiber Surface

A qualitative study of patients’ feedback about Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy (OPAT) services in Northern England: implications for service improvement

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