Emergency C-section, maternal satisfaction and emotion regulation strategies: effects on PTSD and postpartum depression symptoms

Abstract

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Prevalence and risk factors for postnatal mental health problems in mothers of infants admitted to neonatal care: analysis of two population-based surveys in England

“…Although there are fewer studies examining PTS in mothers of NNU infants compared to postnatal depression or anxiety, studies have concluded that increased social support is associated with decreased PTS, both for mothers of NNU infants and for postnatal mothers in general [ 25 ]. Similar to current study results, maternal satisfaction with childbirth has been associated with decreased symptoms of postnatal depression, anxiety, and birth-related PTSD in the general perinatal population [ 26 , 27 ]. However, there is a lack of research examining birth satisfaction and postnatal mental health outcomes for parents of infants admitted to NNU.…”

The Impact of Mode of Birth on Childbirth-Related Post Traumatic Stress Symptoms beyond 6 Months Postpartum: An Integrative Review

“…Regarding the reported mode of birth in the included studies, four studies examined one mode of birth, i.e., vaginal birth [ 36 , 54 , 55 ] or emergency caesarean section (emergency CS) [ 56 ], whereas two studies examined two modes of birth, i.e., vaginal birth and caesarean section (CS) [ 22 , 57 ]. Six studies differentiated between vaginal birth, operative vaginal birth and CS [ 37 , 38 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 ], whereas three studies differentiated between vaginal birth, elective caesarean section (elective CS) and emergency CS [ 62 , 63 , 64 ].…”

“…In the selected studies, several questionnaires were used to screen for CB-PTS/D. Some were based on the DSM-IV criteria, including the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale (PDS) [ 9 , 22 , 38 , 57 , 59 ], PTSD Symptom Scale—self report (PSS-SR) [ 4 , 18 , 68 ], Traumatic Event Scale (TES) [ 36 , 60 , 61 , 66 ], Impact of Event Scale (IES) [ 36 , 58 , 67 ], Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL) [ 65 ], Post-traumatic checklist scale (PCLS) [ 56 ], and Primary Care PTSD Screen (PC-PTSD-IV) [ 70 ]. The City Birth Trauma Scale (CityBits) [ 62 , 64 , 67 , 69 , 74 ], PTSD-short scale [ 54 ] and Perinatal PTSD Questionnaire (PPQ) [ 37 , 55 , 73 , 75 ] were based on the DSM-V criteria.…”

“…Five studies administered the questionnaires during an interview with assistance from a healthcare professional [ 4 , 9 , 54 , 58 , 62 ], while 20 studies administered self-report questionnaires sent by postal mail, e-mail or online survey [ 18 , 22 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 55 , 56 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 73 , 75 ].…”

“…In two studies, emergency CS was not identified as a predictor of CB-PTS/D [ 66 , 73 ]. In addition, one study including only women with emergency CS, observed that women who experienced low satisfaction with emergency CS versus those experiencing high satisfaction with emergency CS were at higher risk of CB-PTS/D [ 56 ].…”