Emergency braking at intersections: A motion-base motorcycle simulator study

A Comprehensive Review on the Behaviour of Motorcyclists: Motivations, Issues, Challenges, Substantial Analysis and Recommendations

“…Another reason is to improve the driving performance of motorcyclists, identify the causes behind motorcycle accidents [ 50 , 157 ], promote road safety [ 25 , 38 , 54 , 76 , 94 , 121 , 152 , 154 , 185 , 186 ], reduce motorcycle fatalities [ 108 , 159 ], avoid accidents [ 51 , 110 ], and improve road safety education amongst all motorcyclists [ 53 , 99 ]. Others looked into safety from different perspectives, such as improved traffic system safety [ 18 , 187 , 188 ] and motorcycle safety [ 76 , 78 , 92 , 97 , 119 , 123 , 127 , 162 , 165 , 173 , 179 , 180 , 189 , 190 , 191 , 192 ]. Moreover, effective hazard detection is critical for hazard elimination and accident consequence reduction [ 81 , 118 ], the identification of possible hazards in their early stages before causing accidents [ 155 ], and the reduction in the probability of severe injuries [ 84 , 98 , 139 , 151 ].…”

“…Future research attention is drawn towards road safety in motorcycle driver behaviour studies. Examples include the following: finding the effective ways to improve road safety [ 165 ], installing motorcycle-friendly roadside barriers to protect from hitting light poles and trees [ 192 ], strengthening the traffic laws and regulations along with the traffic safety education by creating awareness of road safety through different public media [ 25 , 33 , 89 , 190 ], developing simulation models [ 3 , 98 , 163 ], protecting the motorcycle driver [ 25 , 33 , 161 , 164 , 198 ] reducing accidents [ 89 , 123 , 187 , 189 , 199 ], avoiding fatal injuries [ 19 , 53 , 100 , 151 ] and increasing road safety by predicting the driving performances [ 51 , 153 , 200 ]. However, some scholars suggested developing limited warning systems to reduce accidents [ 172 ].…”

“…This category is divided into two subgroups of sample size. The first group is the tens, which used between 10 and 99 participants [ 6 , 123 , 127 , 128 , 131 , 141 , 154 , 194 , 200 ]. The second group is the hundreds, which utilises samples between 100 and 999 participants [ 51 , 133 , 237 ].…”

“…The second subcategory of the experimental study is simulation tests. This category refers to articles that utilised a simulator for data collection to determine the factors that are related to driver behaviour [ 118 , 119 , 120 , 121 ], used chassis dynamometers with the standard driving cycle and onboard portable emission measurement systems in real-world driving conditions [ 122 , 123 , 124 ], the MOTORIST riding simulator [ 125 ], the mid-range simulator located at the Monash University Accident Research Centre [ 126 ], and moving-based motorcycle simulators comprising a motion platform, sound system, screen projection, and image-generation software [ 127 , 128 , 129 , 130 , 131 ]. One study attempted to estimate the impact of low BAC on the riding performance of motorcycle drivers by utilising an advanced motorcycle-riding simulator [ 132 ].…”

A meta-analysis of simulator sickness as a function of simulator fidelity

“…Except for FoV, a small amount of jitter was added to the x-position of data points for the categorical variables in order to improve visibility. For FoV and DoF, the width of the bars was set to approximately match the size of the bins, with some white space between the bars to enhance the different groups Stelling et al 2020;Somrak et al 2019;Mittelstaedt et al 2018;Häkkinen et al 2006;Kovácsová et al 2020); and 4 used an out-the-window view, with a total of 4 observed conditions (Talsma et al 2022;Zou et al 2021;Gemonet et al 2021;Klüver et al 2016). ANOVA indicated that there are differences between the conditions ( F(3, 144) = 9.751, p < 0.001 , see Fig.…”