Emergency Authorization of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine for Treatment of COVID-19

Piszczatoski, Chris; Powell, Jason

doi:10.1177/1060028020925558

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(34 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Several drugs have recently been either suggested or being clinically administered to relive the symptoms of covid-19. These include dapagliflozin (sodium glucose cotransporter 2; SGLT2 inhibitor; an antidiabetic), Lopinavir/ Ritonavir, Darunavir/Umifenovir (anti-HIV), Remdesivir (anti-Ebola), Favipiravir, and Dipyridamole (anti-hypertensive) [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Also, an anti-acid (Famotidine) is also being promoted [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-organ damage by covid-19: congestive (cardio-pulmonary) heart failure, and blood-heart barrier leakage

Tyagi

Singh

2021

Mol Cell Biochem

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

is caused by a coronavirus that is also known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and is generally characterized by fever, respiratory inflammation, and multi-organ failure in susceptible hosts. One of the first things during inflammation is the response by acute phase proteins coupled with coagulation. The angiotensinogen (a substrate for hypertension) is one such acute phase protein and goes on to explain an association of covid-19 with that of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2, a metallopeptidase). Therefore, it is advisable to administer, and test the efficacy of specific blocker(s) of angiotensinogen such as siRNAs or antibodies to covid-19 subjects. Covid-19 activates neutrophils, macrophages, but decreases T-helper cells activity. The metalloproteinases promote the activation of these inflammatory immune cells, therefore; we surmise that doxycycline (a metalloproteinase inhibitor, and a safer antibiotic) would benefit the covid-19 subjects. Along these lines, an anti-acid has also been suggested for mitigation of the covid-19 complications. Interestingly, there are three primary vegetables (celery, carrot, and long-squash) which are alkaline in their pH-range as compared to many others. Hence, treatment with fresh juice (without any preservative) from these vegies or the antioxidants derived from purple carrot and cabbage together with appropriate anti-coagulants may also help prevent or lessen the detrimental effects of the covid-19 pathological outcomes. These suggested remedies might be included in the list of putative interventions that are currently being investigated towards mitigating the multi-organ damage by Covid-19 during the ongoing pandemic.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-organ damage by covid-19: congestive (cardio-pulmonary) heart failure, and blood-heart barrier leakage

Tyagi

Singh

2021

Mol Cell Biochem

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, lower dosage showed enough safety and efficacy to treat these patients [169] , [170] , [171] , [172] . HCQ has been shown to be less toxic compared to CQ, and thus it is a reasonable treatment option [173] . However, several studies showed the controversial usage of HCQ for COVID-19 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repurposing existing drugs for the treatment of COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 infection: A review describing drug mechanisms of action

Yousefi

Mashouri

Okpechi

et al. 2021

Biochemical Pharmacology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…chloroquine (A ralan ® ), a well-known anti-malarial and anti-autoimmune agent, has long been used to treat malaria (85) and autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis (86), Hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil ® ) is synthesised by introducing a hydroxyl group into chloroquine. Animal studies have demonstrated that Plaquenil ® is much less toxic than chloroquine (10,(87)(88)(89).…”

Section: Current Therapeutic Modalities For Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Approaches towards fighting the COVID‑19 pandemic (Review)

Tsai

Bau

et al. 2020

Int J Mol Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The coronavirus disease 2019 (cOVId-19) outbreak, which has caused >46 millions confirmed infections and >1.2 million coronavirus related deaths, is one of the most devastating worldwide crises in recent years. Infection with COVID-19 results in a fever, dry cough, general fatigue, respiratory symptoms, diarrhoea and a sore throat, similar to those of acute respiratory distress syndrome. The causative agent of COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, is a novel coronavirus strain. To date, remdesivir has been granted emergency use authorization for use in the management of infection. Additionally, several efficient diagnostic tools are being actively developed, and novel drugs and vaccines are being evaluated for their efficacy as therapeutic agents against COVID-19, or in the prevention of infection. The present review highlights the prevalent clinical manifestations of COVID-19, characterizes the SARS-CoV-2 viral genome sequence and life cycle, highlights the optimal methods for preventing viral transmission, and discusses possible molecular pharmacological mechanisms and approaches in the development of anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapeutic agents. In addition, the use of traditional Chinese medicines for management of COVID-19 is discussed. It is expected that novel anti-viral agents, vaccines or an effective combination therapy for treatment/management of SARS-CoV-2 infection and spread therapy will be developed and implemented in 2021, and we would like to extend our best regards to the frontline health workers across the world in their fight against cOVId-19. Contents 1. Introduction 2. Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 3. Structure, genome size and life cycle of SARS-CoV-2 4. Diagnostic methods for COVID-19 5. Methods to prevent cOVId-19 6. Current therapeutic modalities for COVID-19 7. Pharmacological agents targeting thrombosis 8. Neutralizing antibodies and vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 9. TcM and cOVId-19 10. conclusions

show abstract

Emergency Authorization of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine for Treatment of COVID-19

Cited by 18 publications

References 13 publications

Multi-organ damage by covid-19: congestive (cardio-pulmonary) heart failure, and blood-heart barrier leakage

Multi-organ damage by covid-19: congestive (cardio-pulmonary) heart failure, and blood-heart barrier leakage

Repurposing existing drugs for the treatment of COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 infection: A review describing drug mechanisms of action

Approaches towards fighting the COVID‑19 pandemic (Review)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About