Emergência E Crescimento Inicial De Tomate ‘Santa Clara’ Em Função Da Salinidade E Condições De Preparo Das Sementes

Abstract

EMERGÊNCIA E CRESCIMENTO INICIAL DE TOMATE ‘SANTA CLARA’ EM FUNÇÃO DA SALINIDADE E CONDIÇÕES DE PREPARO DAS SEMENTES FRANCISCO LEVY LIMA DEMONTIÊZO1; MÁRCIO FACUNDO ARAGÃO¹; MANOEL VALNIR JUNIOR²; FRANCISCO JOSÉ CARVALHO MOREIRA³; PEDRO VICTOR VERAS PAIVA¹ E SILVIO CARLOS RIBEIRO VIEIRA LIMA2 ¹Acadêmicos de Tecnologia em Irrigação e Drenagem, IFCE, Campus Sobral, Sobral - CE, CEP: 62.040-775, e-mail: levyfla@hotmail.com2Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola, Eixo Tecnológico de Recursos Naturais, Instituto Federal do Ceará, IFCE, Campus Sobral, Sobral - CE, CEP: 62.042-030 , e-mail: valnirjvm@yahoo.com.br³Doutorando em Biotecnologia RENORBIO (Recursos Naturais), Eixo Tecnológico de Recursos Naturais, Instituto Federal do Ceará, IFCE, Campus Sobral, Sobral - CE, CEP: 62.042-030 , e-mail: franzecm@gmail.com2Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola, Diretor de Agronegócio da Agência de Desenvolvimento do Estado do Ceará (Adece), CEP: 60.160-320, e-mail: silviocarlos@yahoo.com.br 1 RESUMO O tomate (Solanum lycopersicum) é a hortaliça mais consumida do Brasil, no entanto, problemas de salinidade interferem na produção da mesma. Diante disso, objetivou-se com o estudo avaliar a emergência e crescimento inicial de tomate ‘Santa Clara’, em função da salinidade da água de irrigação e diferentes condições de preparo das sementes. O trabalho foi desenvolvido no Instituto Federal do Ceará (IFCE) - Campus Sobral, em duas etapas distintas, em Laboratório e no Telado Agrícola, sendo esta segunda em Delineamento em Blocos ao Acaso (DBA), em esquema fatorial 3 x 5, composta de três condições de preparo das sementes (plantio direto de sementes; sementes embebidas em solução salina a 3,0 dSm-¹ por 48 h, sementes embebidas em água da torneira por 24 h, em temperatura ambiente) e cinco níveis de salinidade da água de irrigação (0,3; 1,5; 2,5; 3,5; 4,5 dSm-¹) com 3 repetições e 15 sementes de cada. As variáveis de emergência de plântulas do tomateiro analisadas aos 15 dias após a semeadura (DAS) foram: percentagem de emergência (%E), tempo médio de emergência (TME) e índice de velocidade emergência (IVE) e de crescimento inicial aos 20 DAS, foram: altura da planta (AP), número de folhas (NF), diâmetro do caule (DC), comprimento da raiz (CR), peso da matéria fresca da parte aérea (PMFPA), peso da matéria fresca da raiz (PMFR), peso da matéria seca da parte aérea (PMSPA) e peso da matéria seca da raiz (PMSR). Dos resultados concluiu-se que a condição de preparo das sementes embebidas em solução salina a 3,0 dSm-¹ por 48 h foi eficaz para todas as variáveis analisadas; - o nível de salinidade afetou negativamente as variáveis estudadas a partir de 3,5 dSm-¹; - as condições em que continham embebições, independente da forma, mostraram efeito positivo na emergência e desenvolvimento inicial de tomateiro. Palavras-Chave: Solanum lycopersicum, vigor, condicionamento osmótico, estresse. F. L. L. DEMONTIEZO¹; M. F. ARAGÃO¹; M. VALNIR JUNIOR²; F. J. C. MOREIRA³; P. V. V. PAIVA¹; S. C. R. V. LIMA2.EMERGENCY AND INITIAL GROWTH OF THE "SANTA CLARA" TOMATOES, DEPENDING ON THE SALINITY AND PREPARATION CONDITIONS OF SEEDS2 ABSTRACT The objective of the study was to evaluate the emergence and early growth of the 'Santa Clara' tomato crop, depending on irrigation, water salinity and different conditions of preparation of seeds. The work was developed in IFCE - Campus Sobral, in two stages: in the laboratory and in the agricultural greenhouse, which is second in experimental design of randomized blocks in a factorial 3 x 5, composed of three conditions of preparation of seeds (till seeds, seeds soaked in saline 3.0 dSm-1 for 48h imbibed seed in tap water for 24h at room temperature) and five levels of irrigation water salinity (0.3; 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5 dSm-¹). The tomato seedlings emergency treatments at 15 DAS were: emergency percentage (PE), mean emergence time (TME) and emergency speed index (EVI), and initial growth to 20 DAS were: plant height (AP), number of leaves (NF), stem diameter (DC), root length (CR), fresh weight of shoot (PMFPA), fresh weight of the root (PMFR), dry weight of part air (PMSPA) and dry matter weight of the root (PMSR). From the results, it was concluded that: - the status of preparation of seeds soaked in saline to 3.0 dSm-¹ for 48 h was effective for all variables; - The level of salinity negatively affected the variables from 3.5 dSm-¹; - The conditions contained soaks, which regardless of the form, showed a positive effect on the emergence and early development. Keywords: Solanum lycopersicum, force, priming, stress.

Potential utilization of spent Agaricus bisporus mushroom substrate for seedling production and organic fertilizer in tomato cultivation

“…Demontiêzo et al 2016reported that salinity values higher than 2.5dSm -1 resulted in significantly lower values in germination parameters. The electrical conductivity in our experiment was 2.54 dSm -1 , a value within the limit of that presented by Demontiêzo et al (2016). The commercial substrates values were 0.80 and 1.50 dSm -1 (Pindstrup and CarolinaII, respectively).…”

“…Therefore, for this work, the SMS was composted for 15 days, in order to make it more stable and to decrease its salinity. Despite this, the electrical conductivity value still fell near the value presented by Demontiêzo et al (2016), which may explain the longer time to germination. In addition, a possible need to adjust the structure and/or fertility of this substrate should be considered in order to further improve its properties as a substrate to produce tomato seedlings.…”

Emergence and biomass accumulation in seedlings of rice cultivars irrigated with saline water

“…. Demontiêzo et al (2016), who reported that NaCl addition contributes to delaying seedling emergence and can arguably be a preponderant factor in the mean speed of emergence of this species. Similar results were found by Rabani et al (2013) in sunflower plants, whose (1) A.…”

Spent mushroom substrate Agaricus bisporus in the production of pepper seedlings

“…Finally, the development quality index (DQI), calculated according to the formula (DICKSON, 1960), was calculated by Equation 5:…”

“…The SMS of the button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) is one of the best options for this purpose because, besides being the most abundant in Brazil, it is a more stable substrate when compared to the SMS of other mushrooms such as shiitake. This is because the substrate is obtained by a composting process that lasts for about 30 days and then goes through the colonization and cultivation processes, which amounts to 3 to 4 months (FIGUEIREDO and DIAS, 2014). In addition, it must consider the fact that the SMS of the Agaricus mushrooms come accompanied by soil from the casing layer, which it is a layer of soil 5cm thick applied on top of colonized compost (PARDO-GIMENEZ et al, 2012).…”