Emergence of promising novel DPP‐4 inhibitory heterocycles as anti‐diabetic agents: A review

Abstract

Diabetes has turned out to be an epidemic in the recent years all over the world, and today it has become a burden on the healthcare system. Over the years, with technological advancements, different classes of antidiabetic medications have emerged, like sulfonylureas, biguanides, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, and thiazolidinediones, but these are often loaded with serious aftermaths like hypoglycemia, weight gain, cardiovascular and renal issues. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibition is an exciting and new approach in the treatment of type-2 diabetes. DPP-4 inhibitors or "gliptins" are weight neutral, pose lesser risk of hypoglycemia, and provide a long-term post-meal glycemic control. In this review, an attempt has been made to investigate novel potential compounds that can be added to the existing list of anti-diabetic drugs.

Novel Pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidine‐Containing Amide Derivatives: Synthesis, Molecular Docking, In Vitro and In Vivo Antidiabetic Activity

“…In the present research, we will highlight the most important aspect of pyrazolopyrimidines, in particular, pyrazolo[3,4‐ d ]pyrimidines bioisosteres of purines. Pyrazolo[3,4‐ d ]pyrimidines are reported to have various pharmacological activities viz., antiviral, anticoccidials, antimicrobial antitumor, herbicidal, antileukemic, CNS agents, tuberculostatic, antileishmanial, anti‐inflammatory and cardiovascular activities. They are also mainly found to show variable degrees of anticancer activities against HCC, cervical carcinoma, colon carcinoma, skin carcinoma, and breast adenocarcinoma, by inhibiting different types of enzymes such as EGFR‐TK, CDK, B‐Raf kinase, Src and Abl tyrosine kinase, and glycogen synthase kinase‐3 …”

Effect of Teneligliptin, and Teneligliptin Combined with Gabapentin on Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Neuropathy in Albino Mice

“…Sitagliptin is well tolerated and the risk of adverse events, including hypoglycemia, is very low. [12] Teneligliptin is a third-generation gliptin, which offers a pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic advantage. Teneligliptin was originally synthesized by Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation (Osaka, Japan) and was the first drug of its kind to be synthesized in Japan in 2012 with trade name Tenelia.…”