Emergence of PPR and its threat to Europe

Parida, Satya; Muniraju, Murali; Altan, Eda; Baazizi, Ratiba; Raj, Gopal Dhinakar; Mahapatra, Mana

doi:10.1016/j.smallrumres.2016.02.018

Cited by 53 publications

(51 citation statements)

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“…The presence of PPR in Turkey is significant because of the unique geographical position of the country and the threat to bordering countries where large population of naïve animals exist (Parida et al., ). Following the continuous outbreaks in Turkey since 1999 the General Directorate of Food and Control division of Turkey's Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock was engaged in a European Union funded project titled “Tagging and Vaccination of Sheep and Goats (project no: TR 0802.08)”.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition there is another potential route of transmission as Turkey is directly connected to mainland Europe, and hosts the same community of wild ruminants (susceptible to PPR virus) as Europe including, roe deer and red deer. These animals are widespread and abundant wild ruminants in Europe, including Bulgaria and Greece bordering Turkey, and may serve as a bridging species for PPRV transmission between distant populations of infected and healthy domestic sheep and goat populations (Parida et al., ). There is also evidence of wild goats and white‐tailed deer being either clinically or experimentally infected by PPRV (Hoffmann et al., ; Hamdy & Dardiri, ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While this paper was at revision stage a new outbreak was reported in Istanbul (Figure b) in May, 2018. Similar to the situation in North Africa, outbreaks of PPR in Turkey pose a significant threat to Europe for the incursion of the disease (Parida et al., ). Therefore this study was designed to investigate the circulation of PPRV in domestic small ruminants (sheep) in the Marmara region of Turkey.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…In Turkey PPRV infection was first officially reported in southern and eastern Anatolia in 1999 (OIE, 1999). OIE has reported approximately 1,000 (997) Africa, outbreaks of PPR in Turkey pose a significant threat to Europe for the incursion of the disease (Parida et al, 2016).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Molecular characterization of Peste des petits ruminants viruses in the Marmara Region of Turkey

Altan

Parida

Mahapatra

et al. 2018

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Recent outbreaks of Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) in the Marmara region of Turkey including the European part of Thrace is important due to its proximity to Europe (Greece and Bulgaria) and the potential threat of spread of PPR into mainland Europe. In order to investigate the circulation of PPRV in the region suspect clinical and necropsy samples were collected from domestic sheep (n = 211) in the Marmara region of Turkey between 2011 and 2012. PPR virus (PPRV) genome was detected in 10.4% (22 out of 211) of sheep samples by real‐time RT‐PCR, and PPR virus was isolated from lungs of two sheep that died from infection. Of the 22 positive samples nine were used for partial N‐gene amplification and sequencing. The phylogenetic analyses indicated that the virus belongs to lineage IV, the same lineage that is circulating in eastern and central part of Turkey since its first official report in 1999. In addition, samples from 100 cattle were collected to investigate potential subclinical circulation of PPRV. However all were found to be negative by real‐time RT‐PCR, and also in serological tests indicating the large ruminants were likely not exposed or infected with the virus. The impact of these findings on the potential threat of spread of PPR to Europe including the first PPR outbreak in Europe in Bulgaria on 23rd June 2018 is discussed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular characterization of Peste des petits ruminants viruses in the Marmara Region of Turkey

Altan

Parida

Mahapatra

et al. 2018

Transbound Emerg Dis

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“…Considering importing live animals from countries endemic for sheep and goat pox is forbidden, the movement of sheep and goats from North Africa to Europe is unlikely [6]. However, movement of live animals from Europe to the Maghreb region have been noted, particularly towards the end of religious festivals like Ramadan and the month preceding Hajj.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR): A neglected tropical disease in Maghreb region of North Africa and its threat to Europe

et al. 2017

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BackgroundPeste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a contagious disease listed by the World Organisation for Animal health (OIE) as being a specific hazard. It affects sheep, goats, and wild ungulates, and is prevalent throughout the developing world particularly Asia, the Middle East, and Africa. PPR has been targeted for eradication by 2030 by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the OIE, after the successful eradication of the related disease, rinderpest in cattle. PPR was first reported in 1942 in the Ivory Coast in Western Africa and has since extended its range in Asia, the Middle East, and Africa posing an immediate threat of incursion into Europe, South East Asia and South Africa. Although robust vaccines are available, the use of these vaccines in a systematic and rational manner is not widespread, resulting in this devastating disease becoming an important neglected tropical disease in the developing world.MethodologyWe isolated and characterized the PPR virus from an outbreak in Cheraga, northern Algeria, during October 2015 by analyzing the partial N-gene sequence in comparison with other viruses from the Maghreb region. As well as sequencing the full length viral genome and performing real-time RT-PCR on clinical samples. Maximum-likelihood and Bayesian temporal and phylogeographic analyses were performed to assess the persistence and spread of PPRV circulation from Eastern Africa in the Maghreb region of North Africa.ConclusionsRecent PPR outbreaks in Cheraga, in the northern part of Algiers (October 2015) and North-West Morocco (June, 2015) highlight that PPRV has spread to the northern border of North Africa and may pose a threat of introduction to Europe. Phylogeographic analysis suggests that lineage IV PPRV has spread from Eastern Africa, most likely from the Sudan 2000 outbreak, into Northern Africa resulting in the 2008 Moroccan outbreak. Maximum-likelihood and Bayesian analysis shows that these North African viruses cluster closely together suggesting the existence of continual regional circulation. Considering the same virus is circulating in Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia, implementation of a common Maghreb PPR eradication strategy would be beneficial for the region.

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Viral Diseases of Goats

Tikoo,

Kour,

Agrawal

2023

Principles of Goat Disease and Prevention

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Emergence of PPR and its threat to Europe

Abstract: HighlightsPPR emergence in North Africa and European part of Turkey.Threat of incursion of PPR to Europe.Possible preventive measures to stop spread of PPR to Europe is discussed.

Cited by 53 publications

References 31 publications

Molecular characterization of Peste des petits ruminants viruses in the Marmara Region of Turkey

Molecular characterization of Peste des petits ruminants viruses in the Marmara Region of Turkey

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR): A neglected tropical disease in Maghreb region of North Africa and its threat to Europe

Viral Diseases of Goats

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