Emergence of new genotypes and lineages of dengue viruses during the 2012–15 epidemics in southern India

Abstract

A B S T R A C TObjectives: To genotypically characterize dengue virus (DENV) isolates among dengue-infected children from 2012-13/2014-15 outbreaks in southern India. Methods: Children hospitalized with suspected dengue were tested for dengue RT-PCR targeting Capsid-preMembrane (C-prM) and Envelope (Env) regions. Following virologic confirmation (n = 612), a representative selection of DENV isolates (n = 99) were sequenced for C-prM, aligned using ClustalW and subjected to phylogenetic analysis by maximum-likelihood method in MEGA6. Results: In 2012-13 (n = 113), DENV-3 (44, 38.9%) and DENV-2 (43, 38.1%) predominated; DENV-1 (22, 19.5%) and DENV-4 (1, 0.9%) were less common. The pattern changed in 2014-15 (n = 499), when DENV-1 (329, 65.7%) predominated, followed by DENV-2 (97, 21.2%), DENV-3 (36, 6.7%) and DENV-4 (10, 2.0%). Multiple-serotype co-infections occurred in 2.7% and 5.4% in 2012-13 and 2014-15, respectively. Genotype III (GIII) of DENV-1 predominated (85.7%) in 2012-13, ceding to GI predominance (80.8%) in 2014-15. Among DENV-2, 71.9% (23/32) showed distinct clustering suggesting a new lineage, 'GIVc'. All tested DENV-4 were GIC, whose clustering pattern showed the emergence of two distinct clades. Conclusions: New genotypic/lineage variations in DENV-1 and DENV-2 may have influenced the magnitude and severity of dengue epidemics in southern India during this period. These findings emphasize the role of active surveillance of DENV serotypes/genotypes in aiding outbreak control and vaccine studies.

Rapid genotyping protocol to improve dengue virus serotype 2 survey in Lao PDR

“…As previously described, DENV genotype switch or co-circulation could impact DENV emergence and spread as well as modify its epidemiology profile by increasing the number of infected patients and fatal cases [6][7][8]. DENV genotypes may display differences in their fitness and virulence.…”

“…Previous studies have highlighted the dramatic increase in commercial and tourism exchanges between Lao PDR and its neighboring countries as the driving force behind the entry of multiple DENV serotypes and/or genotypes into the country [4,5]. The emergence of a new DENV serotype or genotype has been reported to enhance the number of cases and the diseases's severity [6][7][8].…”

Epidemiological implications of the genetic diversification of dengue virus (DENV) serotypes and genotypes in Mexico

“…This study has also described the introduction of DENV-4 genotype II, previously reported in Manaus, Brazil in 2008(de Melo et al, 2009Figueiredo et al, 2008;). Although DENV-4 is less prevalent than other dengue serotypes in Mexico, it has been shown to be involved in the development of severe dengue following secondary infections, and hence of significant epidemiological importance (Ahamed et al, 2019;Guo et al, 2017;Soo et al, 2016;Suppiah et al, J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f 2018). This study identified two DENV-4, genotype II isolates, one from a patient coinfected with DENV-3, genotype III, and diagnosed with severe dengue.…”

“…Prior studies have shown the potential for novel genotypic/lineage variations to have epidemiological affects (Ahamed et al, 2019;De La Cruz-Hernández et al, 2013;Gardella-Garcia et al, 2008;Zhang et al, 2005). Relative increases in severe dengue cases in particular may be due to the circulation of specific genotypes during certain years that cause an increase in dengue infection severity and incidence.…”

Molecular characterization of the viral structural protein genes of 2018 dengue virus serotype 1 epidemic in Yunnan, Southwest China

“…Dengue is a ssRNA virus belonging to the Flaviviridae family and is mainly spread by Aedes aegypti and A.albopictus [1][2][3][4]. The dengue virus DNEV genome encodes three structural proteins(C, prM, E)and seven nonstructural proteins (NS1, NS2A, NS2B, NS3, NS4A, NS4B, and NS5) [5][6][7].There are four different serotypes of DENV and infection with any of the four serotypes can exhibit extremely severe manifestations [8][9][10].…”