Emergence of multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae: report from the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program (1999–2003)

Johnson, David M.; Stilwell, Matthew G.; Fritsche, Thomas R.; Jones, Ronald N.

doi:10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2005.12.008

Cited by 76 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…This is perceived to be important since penicillin and macrolide nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae strains continue to increase in prevalence according to in vitro studies. 3,4 However, the clinical importance of antimicrobial treatment for sinusitis and ABECB is unclear. 5 Due to the unique mechanism of action and spectrum of activity, telithromycin was seen as a potentially valuable outpatient therapy for upper respiratory tract infections (e.g., sinusitis), ABECB, and CAP.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Telithromycin: The Perils of Hasty Adoption and Persistence of Off-Label Prescribing

Gleason

Walters²,

Heaton³

et al. 2007

JMCP

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Telithromycin: The Perils of Hasty Adoption and Persistence of Off-Label Prescribing

Gleason

Walters²,

Heaton³

et al. 2007

JMCP

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“…When this alteration was seen in combination with a gyrA alteration (Ser81), the levofloxacin MIC increases to 8 g/ml (strains PW 239 and PW 836). The parC Lys137Asn alteration, which was found to be widespread among European isolates, has also been observed among multidrug-resistant S. pneumoniae isolates in the international SENTRY study (23); but as it was also observed among levofloxacin-susceptible strains in Korea, the effect on fluoroquinolone resistance may be low (25). The parC Asn91Gly change has previously been found in S. pneumoniae and may be a consequence of the uptake of DNA from viridans group streptococci (3,4).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Eight European Countries from 2001 to 2003

Reinert

Reinert²,

Linden

et al. 2005

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

142

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Susceptibility testing results for Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates (n ‫؍‬ 2,279) from eight European countries, examined in the PneumoWorld Study from 2001 to 2003, are presented. Overall, 24.6% of S. pneumoniae isolates were nonsusceptible to penicillin G and 28.0% were resistant to macrolides. The prevalence of resistance varied widely between European countries, with the highest rates of penicillin G and macrolide resistance reported from Spain and France. Serotype 14 was the leading serotype among penicillin G-and macrolide-resistant S. pneumoniae isolates. One strain (PW 158) showed a combination of an efflux type of resistance with a 23S rRNA mutation (A2061G, pneumococcal numbering; A2059G, Escherichia coli numbering). Six strains which showed negative results for mef(A) and erm(B) in repeated PCR assays had mutations in 23S rRNA or alterations in the L4 ribosomal protein (two strains). Fluoroquinolone resistance rates (levofloxacin MIC > 4 g/ml) were low (Austria, 0%; Belgium, 0.7%; France, 0.9%; Germany, 0.4%; Italy, 1.3%; Portugal, 1.2%; Spain, 1.0%; and Switzerland, 0%). Analysis of quinolone resistance-determining regions showed eight strains with a Ser81 alteration in gyrA; 13 of 18 strains showed a Ser79 alteration in parC. The clonal profile, as analyzed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), showed that the 18 fluoroquinoloneresistant strains were genetically heterogeneous. Seven of the 18 strains belonged to new sequence types not hitherto described in the MLST database. Europe-wide surveillance for monitoring of the further spread of these antibiotic-resistant S. pneumoniae clones is warranted.

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“…Co-trimoxazole has been used as a treatment option for a range of pneumococcal diseases, particularly in children, because it is relatively inexpensive and generally effective. Resistance to co-trimoxazole has increased substantially worldwide, with recent studies showing rates ranging from 19% in Europe to 50% in Africa (in HIV-associated disease) to Ͼ60% in parts of Asia (22,223,224). Co-trimoxazole resistance is often accompanied by resistance to other antibiotics, especially penicillin.…”

Section: Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Co-trimoxazole) Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Biological and Epidemiological Features of Antibiotic-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in Pre- and Post-Conjugate Vaccine Eras: a United States Perspective

et al. 2016

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SUMMARYStreptococcus pneumoniaeinflicts a huge disease burden as the leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia and meningitis. Soon after mainstream antibiotic usage, multiresistant pneumococcal clones emerged and disseminated worldwide. Resistant clones are generated through adaptation to antibiotic pressures imposed while naturally residing within the human upper respiratory tract. Here, a huge array of related commensal streptococcal strains transfers core genomic and accessory resistance determinants to the highly transformable pneumococcus. β-Lactam resistance is the hallmark of pneumococcal adaptability, requiring multiple independent recombination events that are traceable to nonpneumococcal origins and stably perpetuated in multiresistant clonal complexes. Pneumococcal strains with elevated MICs of β-lactams are most often resistant to additional antibiotics. Basic underlying mechanisms of most pneumococcal resistances have been identified, although new insights that increase our understanding are continually provided. Although all pneumococcal infections can be successfully treated with antibiotics, the available choices are limited for some strains. Invasive pneumococcal disease data compiled during 1998 to 2013 through the population-based Active Bacterial Core surveillance program (U.S. population base of 30,600,000) demonstrate that targeting prevalent capsular serotypes with conjugate vaccines (7-valent and 13-valent vaccines implemented in 2000 and 2010, respectively) is extremely effective in reducing resistant infections. Nonetheless, resistant non-vaccine-serotype clones continue to emerge and expand.

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Emergence of multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae: report from the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program (1999–2003)

Cited by 76 publications

References 30 publications

Telithromycin: The Perils of Hasty Adoption and Persistence of Off-Label Prescribing

Telithromycin: The Perils of Hasty Adoption and Persistence of Off-Label Prescribing

Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Eight European Countries from 2001 to 2003

Biological and Epidemiological Features of Antibiotic-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in Pre- and Post-Conjugate Vaccine Eras: a United States Perspective

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