Emergence of multidrug resistant and extensively drug resistant community acquired uropathogens in Dhaka city, Bangladesh.

Abstract

Because of indiscriminate, inadequate and irrational usage of antimicriobials, the sensitivity pattern of community acquired uropathogens is changing drastically, specifically in developing countries, such as Bangladesh. This study was undertaken to investigate the profile of common uropathogens in community settings and to evaluate their antimicrobial resistance profile in order to categorize them into multidrug resistant (MDR), extensively drug resistant (XDR) and pandrug resistant (PDR) organisms.Total 800 urine samples were collected from symptomatic UTI cases and processed in the Department of Microbiology of DMC following standard microbiological methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern was determined by Kirby Bauer Disc diffusion method following Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines.Simultaneously, the percentage prevalence of MDR, XDR, and PDR isolates were alsodetermined. Out of the 800 urine samples screened, 150 (18.75%) samples yielded significant growth. The most common bacterial isolate was Esch. coli (60%), followed by Klebsiella species (13.33%). A significantly high resistance was noted to the beta-lactam group of antimicrobials, fluoroquinolones and cotrimoxazole, both by the gram-negative bacilli (GNB) as well as gram-positive cocci (GPC). However nitrofurantoinwas found to be most effective oral drug against both GNB and GPC. Out of total 150 bacterial strains studied, 106 (70.67%) bacterial strains were MDR, 21 (14%) strains were XDR, and no PDR was detected.So, close monitoring of MDR, XDR, or even PDR must be done by all clinical microbiology laboratories to implement effective measures to reduce the menace of antimicrobial resistance.

Multidrug-resistant profile and prevalence of extended spectrum β-lactamase and carbapenemase production in fermentative Gram-negative bacilli recovered from patients and specimens referred to National Reference Laboratory, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

“…More MDR and XDR strains in E. coli than K. pneumoniae in our study could be due to the fact that the number of E. coli strains isolated were more than K. pneumoniae. In regard to XDR and PDR, the current study is supported by the findings of previous studies [30, 31] however our finding strongly disagree with a study conducted by Ahmed Hasanin et al [32] in the prevalence of XDR strains of FGNB. In this study lower XDR E. coli (18%) and K. pneumonia (11%) were reported as compared to the previous study where higher XDR K. pneumoniae (52%), and E. coli (47%) were reported [32].…”

Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of bacterial isolates from routine clinical specimens of a tertiary hospital in Bangladesh

“…The selection of appropriate antibiotics is crucial for the treatment of infection and therefore analysis of the bacterial susceptibility pattern is helpful in this context.The objective of our study was to analyze antibiotic susceptibility pattern of [12][13][14][15], India (susceptibile 50% to 80%) [16], and Nepal (susceptibile 87.8% to 95.3%) [17] also reported carbapenem as the most effective antibiotic against Enterobacteriaceae.…”

The Impact of Gold Nanoparticle Susceptibility on Drug Resistance Phenotypes in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli

“…In India, the frequency of MDR strains was reported as 75% [20], while in South Korea, it was 21.9% [21]. A study in Bangladesh in 2015 reported a prevalence of 70.67% MDR E. coli isolates and 14% XDR isolates, although no PDR isolates were detected [22]. In Iraq, a recent study conducted in 2023 reported a prevalence of XDR isolates at 21.24% and PDR isolates at 1.77% [23].…”