Emergence of micronuclei as a genomic biomarker

Sabharwal, Robin; Verma, Parul; Syed, Mohammed Asif; Sharma, Tamanna; Subudhi, Santosh Kumar; Mohanty, Saumyakanta; Gupta, Shivangi

doi:10.4103/0971-5851.171541

Cited by 42 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Besides genotoxicity evaluations, FCMN is also a useful tool for biomonitoring studies and can be used for rapid assessment of base-line MNi frequency in human populations as increased baseline MNi frequency has been shown by various studies (including the International Human Micronucleus (HUMN) Project), to be predictive biomarker of cancer risk (93–95). Genomic instability arising as a result of environmental and occupational exposures to chemical and physical agents, genetic predisposition to spontaneous chromosomal damage, environment–gene interactions, adverse lifestyles factors and conditions, age, sex etc can be evaluated by means of population studies, utilising FCMN (93). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging metrology for high-throughput nanomaterial genotoxicology

Nelson

Wright

Ibuki

et al. 2016

MUTAGE

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The rapid development of the engineered nanomaterial (ENM) manufacturing industry has accelerated the incorporation of ENMs into a wide variety of consumer products across the globe. Unintentionally or not, some of these ENMs may be introduced into the environment or come into contact with humans or other organisms resulting in unexpected biological effects. It is thus prudent to have rapid and robust analytical metrology in place that can be used to critically assess and/or predict the cytotoxicity, as well as the potential genotoxicity of these ENMs. Many of the traditional genotoxicity test methods [e.g. unscheduled DNA synthesis assay, bacterial reverse mutation (Ames) test, etc.,] for determining the DNA damaging potential of chemical and biological compounds are not suitable for the evaluation of ENMs, due to a variety of methodological issues ranging from potential assay interferences to problems centered on low sample throughput. Recently, a number of sensitive, high-throughput genotoxicity assays/platforms (CometChip assay, flow cytometry/micronucleus assay, flow cytometry/γ-H2AX assay, automated ‘Fluorimetric Detection of Alkaline DNA Unwinding’ (FADU) assay, ToxTracker reporter assay) have been developed, based on substantial modifications and enhancements of traditional genotoxicity assays. These new assays have been used for the rapid measurement of DNA damage (strand breaks), chromosomal damage (micronuclei) and for detecting upregulated DNA damage signalling pathways resulting from ENM exposures. In this critical review, we describe and discuss the fundamental measurement principles and measurement endpoints of these new assays, as well as the modes of operation, analytical metrics and potential interferences, as applicable to ENM exposures. An unbiased discussion of the major technical advantages and limitations of each assay for evaluating and predicting the genotoxic potential of ENMs is also provided.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging metrology for high-throughput nanomaterial genotoxicology

Nelson

Wright

Ibuki

et al. 2016

MUTAGE

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“…The formation mechanism of NBs may be related to the elimination and amplification or DNA repair. The BNs may be indicative of cytokinesis failure at the end of cell division (Sabharwal et al, 2015). The MN formation may be due to the breakage, indicating clastogenic and chromosomes aneugenic agents (Suzuki et al, 2003;.…”

Section: Genetic Instabilities Induced By Occupational Exposure To Irmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Data were statistically significant (P <0.05) when compared with the control group (Figure 2). BNs may be indicative of cytokinesis failure at the end of cell division and cells with condensed chromatin are indicative of apoptosis (karyorrhexis and karyolysis), as well as picnoses (Sabharwal et al, 2015). Exposure to IR can lead to oxidative events, one of the mechanisms of cytotoxicity and apoptosis, due to the fact that these have direct action on the macromolecules via radiolysis product and intracellular modulation of the communication mechanisms of redox system, which induce stress in cells, tissues and mitochondria, led to the toxic effects of radiation depending on the doses (Einor et al, 2016).…”

Section: Nuclear Changes Induced By Occupational Exposure To Ir In Ormentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicogenetic biomonitoring of occupational risk induced by ionizing radiation

Ronald¹,

Torequl²,

Ricardo³

et al. 2016

Afr. J. Pharm. Pharmacol.

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Occupational exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) can cause systemic acute and chronic effects on human health, including genetic instability that may be etiology of various diseases, including cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible toxicogenetic changes in haematological and biochemical parameters, and cytogenetic biomarkers (micronuclei and nuclear abnormalities) indicators of mutagenicity and apoptosis, as well as seek their correlation with lifestyle, age and gender. In accordance with the ethical aspects, 45 professionals (technicians and technologists in radiology) occupationally exposed to low doses of IR participated in this study. For control, 45 healthy individuals were not exposed to IR and/or genotoxic chemicals were included. Peripheral blood and oral epithelium samples were used in the toxic evaluations. The results suggested unchanged hematological biomarkers but a significant (P < 0.05) increases in the frequency of micronuclei, sprouts, binucleate cells and bridges, as well as karyolysis and karyorrhexis in professional radiology sector. Hepatic and nephritic toxicity were not observed. Without protection, a significant (P < 0.01) correlation (P < 0.05) was observed between toxicogenetic biomarkers with age, smoking, alcohol consumption, time and place of work. In conclusion, IR may be associated with genetic instability in health diseases, like cancer.

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“…[5] Increased MN count in OPMDs is well documented in various studies. [6] Research in this field is quite promising; hence, this study was conducted to evaluate and compare the levels of micronuclei in OPMDs as well as to correlate micronuclei frequency in different grades of dysplasia in OPMDs using DNA specific Feulgen stain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Micronucleus Frequencies in Exfoliated Buccal Cells of Potentially Malignant Disorder Subjects Using Feulgen Stain

2019

IJDA

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Introduction:Oral squamous cell carcinoma generally arises from oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) through a complex process of genetic alterations such as chromosomal alterations, epigenetic alterations, and/or DNA changes. If these lesions are detected in early stages, i.e., during stage of PMDs through specific and sensitive tests, it can markedly improve the survival rates of patients. Micronucleus (MN) is one such suitable and reliable test to detect genotoxic effects of various carcinogens. Aims: The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the levels of micronuclei in OPMDs as well as to correlate micronuclei frequency in different grades of dysplasia. Materials and Methods: The study cases were divided into two groups, Group I consisting of thirty healthy controls and Group II of thirty histopathologically proven cases of OPMDs. The exfoliated cells were collected from buccal mucosa/lesional area of both study groups and were stained with Feulgen stain and evaluated under microscope for MN. Statistical analysis was done using ANOVA test and correlation was calculated using Pearson's correlation using SPSS 18.0 software. Results: According to the present study, MN and MN percentage (MN%) increased from normal to potentially malignant disorder cases with statistically significant difference. A highly positive correlation (0.946) between grades of dysplasia and MN formation was obtained. Conclusion: The present study concludes that the occurrence of MN and MN% increases from controls to potentially malignant disorder cases. Among PMDs, the occurrence of MN and MN% was highest in patients of oral submucous fibrosis followed by leukoplakia and lichen planus patients. And finally, with increase in grades of dysplasia, in PMD subjects, the formation of MN increases.

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Emergence of micronuclei as a genomic biomarker

Cited by 42 publications

References 21 publications

Emerging metrology for high-throughput nanomaterial genotoxicology

Emerging metrology for high-throughput nanomaterial genotoxicology

Toxicogenetic biomonitoring of occupational risk induced by ionizing radiation

Evaluation of Micronucleus Frequencies in Exfoliated Buccal Cells of Potentially Malignant Disorder Subjects Using Feulgen Stain

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