Emergence of infectious malignant thrombocytopenia in Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) by SRV-4 after transmission to a novel host

Okamoto, Masanori; Miyazawa, Takayuki; Morikawa, Shigeru; Ono, Fumiko; Nakamura, Shota; Sato, Eiji; Yoshida, Tomoyuki; Yoshikawa, Rokusuke; Sakai, Kouji; Mizutani, Tetsuya; Nagata, Noriyo; Takano, Jun Ichiro; Okabayashi, Sachi; Hamano, Masaaki; Fujimoto, Koji; Nakaya, Takaaki; Iida, Tetsuya; Horii, Toshihiro; Miyabe‐Nishiwaki, Takako; Watanabe, A.; Kaneko, Akihisa; Saito, Akatsuki; Matsui, Atsushi; Hayakawa, Toshiyuki; Suzuki, Juri; Akari, Hirofumi; Matsuzawa, Tetsuro; Hirai, Hirohisa

doi:10.1038/srep08850

Cited by 16 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…We hypothesized that a substantial proportion of STLV-1-infected JMs might play a critical role as viral super-spreaders for frequent horizontal transmission and eventual high prevalence of STLV-1, possibly because of their abnormally high viral loads and incidence of poor humoral immune response against STLV-1. In fact, our recent incidence of an outbreak of infectious malignant thrombocytopenia in JMs by simian retrovirus type 4 (SRV-4) demonstrated that some of the monkeys developed asymptomatic SRV-4 infection with persistent viremia in the absence of SRV-4-specific antibody response and became viral super-spreaders [54], [55]. Taking this unexpected result into account, we evaluated ABTs and PVLs in the JM cohort.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequent horizontal and mother-to-child transmission may contribute to high prevalence of STLV-1 infection in Japanese macaques

Murata

Yasunaga

Washizaki

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Simian T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (STLV-1) is disseminated among various non-human primate species and is closely related to human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1), the causative agent of adult T-cell leukemia and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis. Notably, the prevalence of STLV-1 infection in Japanese macaques (JMs) is estimated to be >60%, much greater than that in other non-human primates; however, the mechanism and mode of STLV-1 transmission remain unknown. The aim of this study is to examine the epidemiological background by which STLV-1 infection is highly prevalent in JMs. Results: The prevalence of STLV-1 in the JMs rearing in our free-range facility reached up to 64% (180/280 JMs) with variation from 55 to 77% among five independent troops. Anti-STLV-1 antibody titers (ABTs) and STLV-1 proviral loads (PVLs) were normally distributed with mean values of 4076 and 0.62%, respectively, which were mostly comparable to those of HTLV-1-infected humans. Our initial hypothesis that some of the macaques might contribute to frequent horizontal STLV-1 transmission as viral super-spreaders was unlikely because of the absence of the macaques exhibiting abnormally high PVLs but poor ABTs. Rather, ABTs and PVLs were statically corelated (p < 0.0001), indicating that the increasing PVLs led to the greater humoral immune response. Further analyses demonstrated that the STLV-1 prevalence as determined by detection of the proviral DNA was dramatically increased with age; 11%, 31%, and 58% at 0, 1, and 2 years of age, which was generally consistent with the result of seroprevalence. Moreover, our longitudinal follow-up study indicated that 24 of 28 seronegative JMs in 2011 converted to seropositive (86%) four years later; among them, the seroconversion rates of sexually matured (4 years of age and older) and immature juvenile macaques (3 years of age and younger) at the beginning of study were comparably high (80% and 89%, respectively). Conclusions: Together with the fact that almost all of the full-adult JMs older than 9 years old were infected with STLV-1, our results of this study demonstrated for the first time that the high STLV-1 prevalence in JMs was likely caused by both frequent horizontal and mother-to-child transmission.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequent horizontal and mother-to-child transmission may contribute to high prevalence of STLV-1 infection in Japanese macaques

Murata

Yasunaga

Washizaki

et al. 2020

Preprint

Self Cite

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show abstract

“…We hypothesized that a substantial proportion of STLV-1-infected JMs might play a critical role as viral super-spreaders for frequent horizontal transmission and eventual high prevalence of STLV-1, possibly because of their abnormally high viral loads and poor humoral immune response against STLV-1. In fact, our recent incidence of an outbreak of infectious malignant thrombocytopenia in JMs by simian retrovirus type 4 (SRV-4) demonstrated that some of the monkeys developed asymptomatic SRV-4 infection with persistent viremia in the absence of SRV-4-speci c antibody response and became viral super-spreaders [54], [55]. Taking this unexpected result into account, we evaluated ABTs and PVLs in the JM cohort.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequent horizontal and mother-to-child transmission may contribute to high prevalence of STLV-1 infection in Japanese macaques

Murata

Yasunaga

Washizaki

et al. 2020

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Simian T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (STLV-1) is disseminated among various non-human primate species and is closely related to human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1), the causative agent of adult T-cell leukemia and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/ tropical spastic paraparesis. Notably, t he prevalence of STLV-1 infection in Japanese macaques (JMs) is estimated to be >60%, much greater than that in other non-human primates; however, the mechanism and mode of STLV-1 transmission remain unknown. The aim of this study is to examine the epidemiological background by which STLV-1 infection is highly prevalent in JMs. Results: The prevalence of STLV-1 in the JMs rearing in our free-range facility reached up to 64% (180/280 JMs) with variation from 55 to 77% among five independent troops. Anti-STLV-1 antibody titers (ABTs) and STLV-1 proviral loads ( PVLs) were normally distributed with mean values of 4076 and 0.62%, respectively, which were mostly comparable to those of HTLV-1-infected humans. Our initial hypothesis that some of the macaques might contribute to frequent horizontal STLV-1 transmission as viral super-spreaders was unlikely because of the absence of the macaques exhibiting abnormally high PVLs but poor ABTs. Rather, ABTs and PVLs were statically corelated (p < 0.0001), indicating that the increasing PVLs led to the greater humoral immune response. Further analyses demonstrated that the STLV-1 prevalence as determined by detection of the proviral DNA was dramatically increased with age; 11%, 31%, and 58% at 0, 1, and 2 years of age, which was generally consistent with the result of seroprevalence and suggested the frequent incidence of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). Moreover, our longitudinal follow-up study indicated that 24 of 28 seronegative JMs during the periods from 2011 to 2012 converted to seropositive (86%) four years later; among them, the seroconversion rates of sexually matured (4 years of age and older) macaques and immature macaques (3 years of age and younger) at the beginning of study were comparably high (80% and 89%, respectively), suggesting the frequent incidence of horizontal transmission. Conclusions: Together with the fact that almost all of the full-adult JMs older than 9 years old were infected with STLV-1, our results of this study demonstrated for the first time that frequent horizontal and mother-to-child transmission may contribute to high prevalence of STLV-1 infection in JMs

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“…Data collected from certain groups of macaques or under certain conditions were excluded from the analysis, for example, from SRV infection experiments, 3 from SRV-positive macaques, and from macaques originating from areas other than Arashiyama (n = 76, age:10.0 ± 7.4 years old, range 0-25), Takahama (n = 86, age:…”

Section: Data Collection and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Hematological and blood chemistry values in captive Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata fuscata)

Miyabe‐Nishiwaki

MacIntosh

Kaneko

et al. 2019

J of Medical Primatology

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Background Biological information about captive Japanese macaques, including hematology and blood chemistry, is still lacking despite the fact that ethological and ecological data have accumulated during decades of field research. Methods Hematological (511 examinations of 280 Japanese macaques) and blood chemistry data (between 33 and 284 examinations from between 29 and 257 individual macaques) in clinically healthy, simian retrovirus‐free Japanese macaques tested between 2009 and 2013 were reviewed. Results and Conclusions Specific hematological and blood chemistry data for Japanese macaques without clinical signs of disease were provided in this study. Averages presented can be used as hematological parameters for Japanese macaques. Some differences between Japanese macaques and other closely related macaque species were found. Some parameters varied according to macaque age and sex, as well as regional origin. The data in this study will provide useful clinical indices for Japanese macaques in captive and similar conditions.

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Emergence of infectious malignant thrombocytopenia in Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) by SRV-4 after transmission to a novel host

Cited by 16 publications

References 56 publications

Frequent horizontal and mother-to-child transmission may contribute to high prevalence of STLV-1 infection in Japanese macaques

Frequent horizontal and mother-to-child transmission may contribute to high prevalence of STLV-1 infection in Japanese macaques

Frequent horizontal and mother-to-child transmission may contribute to high prevalence of STLV-1 infection in Japanese macaques

Hematological and blood chemistry values in captive Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata fuscata)

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