Emergence of classical ctxB genotype 1 and tetracycline resistant strains of Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor in Assam, India

Borkakoty, Biswajyoti; Biswas, Dipankar; Devi, Utpala; Yadav, Kausal; Mahanta, Jagadish

doi:10.1016/j.trstmh.2012.03.005

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…[247][248][249][250][251] In most of subSaharan Africa and Bangladesh, resistance to cotrimoxazole and furazolidone is increasing, whereas resistance to tetracycline fl uctuates from year to year. [252][253][254] Resistance and reduced susceptibility against tetracycline, ciprofl oxacin, and azithromycin have also been reported, 248,255,256 suggesting the importance of epi demiology to guide treatment.…”

Section: Diarrhoeal Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic resistance—the need for global solutions

Laxminarayan

Dusé

Wattal

et al. 2013

The Lancet Infectious Diseases

3,484

2,602

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The causes of antibiotic resistance are complex and include human behaviour at many levels of society; the consequences aff ect everybody in the world. Similarities with climate change are evident. Many eff orts have been made to describe the many diff erent facets of antibiotic resistance and the interventions needed to meet the challenge. However, coordinated action is largely absent, especially at the political level, both nationally and internationally. Antibiotics paved the way for unprecedented medical and societal developments, and are today indispensible in all health systems. Achievements in modern medicine, such as major surgery, organ transplantation, treatment of preterm babies, and cancer chemotherapy, which we today take for granted, would not be possible without access to eff ective treatment for bacterial infections. Within just a few years, we might be faced with dire setbacks, medically, socially, and economically, unless real and unprecedented global coordinated actions are immediately taken. Here, we describe the global situation of antibiotic resistance, its major causes and consequences, and identify key areas in which action is urgently needed.

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Section: Diarrhoeal Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic resistance—the need for global solutions

Laxminarayan

Dusé

Wattal

et al. 2013

The Lancet Infectious Diseases

3,484

2,602

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…High-level tetracycline resistance was noticed by Kar et al 27 from Odisha (2010), Bhattacharya et al 28 from Kolkata (2007–2009), Kumar et al 29 from Rayagada, Odisha (September–October 2010), Borkakoty et al 30 from Assam (2007, 2008 and 2010) and Taneja et al 31 from Chandigarh (2008). Plasmids are responsible for tetracycline resistance in V. cholerae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Phenotypic and antibiogram pattern ofV. choleraeisolates from a tertiary care hospital in Mumbai during 2004–2013: a retrospective cross-sectional study

et al. 2016

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ObjectivesCholera is a major gastroenteric disease with reports on fluctuation and resistance. Hence, the objective is to determine the trend in seasonality, resistance pattern, prevalent biotypes, serotypes and phage types between 2004 and 2013 among Vibrio cholerae isolates.DesignA retrospective cross-sectional study.SettingsA single-centre study was carried out at a tertiary care hospital in a metropolitan city (Mumbai) of a developing country (India).MethodsRecords of stool specimen cultures of patients with suspected cholera from January 2004 to December 2013 were analysed. The organisms were identified as per standard protocol. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed as per Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute. Biotyping, serotyping and phage typing were carried out. From the confirmed cases of cholera, demographic and laboratory details were noted. Descriptive analysis was used and the data were presented in the form of percentages.ResultsVibrio cholerae was predominant in males and was isolated from 9.41% (439/4664) of stool specimens. Variability was found in terms of the gross appearance of stool specimens, seasonal trend and antibiotic resistance pattern. The antimicrobial susceptibility showed a waxing and waning pattern for most of the antibiotics (ampicillin, cefuroxime, chloramphenicol, tetracycline) tested, while for a few others the strains were either uniformly sensitive (gentamicin, norfloxacin) or resistant (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, nalidixic acid). All isolates belonged to subgroup O1 and biotype El Tor. The most common serotype was Ogawa. The predominant phage type was T2 (old scheme) and T27 (new scheme).ConclusionsThe predominant biotype, serotype and phage type were El Tor, Ogawa and T27 phage, respectively. The changing trends in antimicrobial resistance pattern over the years necessitate continued epidemiological and microbiological surveillance of the disease.

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“…The hybrid property (CCT in the altered El Tor biotype) enhances the infective potential of the bacterium, and such strains are associated with more fluid loss and a higher fatality rate. These strains have been reported as the causative pathogens of outbreaks in several regions of India, including Odisha, Chennai, Hyderabad, Solapur, and Assam (20)(21)(22). The HCT-producing variants of V. cholerae were reported for the first time from the cholera outbreak in Odisha during 2007, later from Haiti during 2010, and subsequently from Asia and Africa (15,16).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%