Emergence of ciprofloxacin resistance during treatment of salmonella osteomyelitis in three patients with sickle cell disease

Workman, Megan; Philpott‐Howard, John; Bragman, S. G. L.; Brito‐Babapulle, Finella; Bellingham, A. J.

doi:10.1016/s0163-4453(96)80006-5

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Initially, we used macroarray analyses to define chemokine mRNAs which were differentially modulated following in vitro exposure of osteoblasts to S. aureus and following in vitro exposure of osteoblasts to Salmonella. Since these two bacteria can cause bone and joint diseases (14,34,39,42,65) but have very different properties and modes of invasion, we anticipated that the osteoblast responses to these bacteria might be different. As determined with two different macroarrays (see Materials and Methods), it was clear that Salmonella could induce rapid and substantial CXCL10 mRNA expression in cultured mouse osteoblasts, whereas the osteoblast response to S. aureus was modest (data not shown).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While S. aureus is the most frequent causative agent of bone infections (14,34,39), Salmonella spp. are also significant pathogens (4,30,34,42,65). In particular, Salmonella infection is one of the most frequent serious infections of the bone in sickle cell patients and can also be a significant cause of inflammatory joint diseases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, Salmonella infection is one of the most frequent serious infections of the bone in sickle cell patients and can also be a significant cause of inflammatory joint diseases. Immunosuppressed patients are especially susceptible to Salmonella-induced bone diseases, and it has been known for some time that antibiotic therapy is becoming less effective in eliminating this bacterial pathogen (65). Salmonella spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella are two common causative agents of bone and joint diseases (14,34,39,42,65) and were chosen for use in this investigation based on this fact. While these pathogens are both causes of bone diseases, they have very dissimilar characteristics and modes of invasion.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Bacterium-Induced CXCL10 Secretion by Osteoblasts Can Be Mediated in Part through Toll-Like Receptor 4

et al. 2002

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Two common pathogens known to cause bone infection, Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus, were investigated to determine their abilities to induce chemokine expression in cultured mouse and human osteoblasts. While these cells are responsible for bone formation, we were surprised to find that they could respond to bacterial infection by upregulating expression of the chemokine CXCL10 (IP-10). However, there were significant differences in the abilities of the gram-negative bacterium Salmonella and the gram-positive bacterium S. aureus to induce expression of CXCL10. Reverse transcription-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analyses showed high levels of Salmonella-induced CXCL10 mRNA and protein expression, respectively, whereas the osteoblast response to S. aureus was significantly less. Consistent with these findings, Salmonelladerived lipopolysaccharide (LPS), but not S. aureus-derived peptidoglycan, could induce expression of CXCL10. An antibody against toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) could block the LPS-induced CXCL10 production, demonstrating the functional expression of TLR4 by osteoblasts. Despite the inducible nature of TLR2 mRNA expression by bacterium-infected osteoblasts, peptidoglycan failed to stimulate CXCL10 secretion. Immunofluorescent staining of bacterium-infected calvaria (i.e., skull bone) demonstrated the presence of CXCL10 in osteoblasts. The fact that osteoblasts did not express CXCR3 mRNA, whereas T lymphocytes can express high levels of this receptor, suggests that osteoblast-derived CXCL10 may recruit T lymphocytes to the sites of bone infections.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bacterium-Induced CXCL10 Secretion by Osteoblasts Can Be Mediated in Part through Toll-Like Receptor 4

et al. 2002

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“…Treatment failure resulting from the development of ciprofloxacin resistance by salmonella during therapy has also been described. 24 The indiscriminate use of ciprofloxacin should be avoided in order to limit the development of resistance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%