Emergence of bluetongue virus serotype 4 in mainland France in November 2017

Sailleau, Corinne; Bréard, Emmanuel; Viarouge, Cyril; Gorlier, A.; Leroux, Aurélie; Hirchaud, Edouard; Lucas, Pierrick; Blanchard, Yannick; Vitour, Damien; Grandcollot-Chabot, Marie; Zientara, Stéphan

doi:10.1111/tbed.12919

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…This event showed the implication of the Obsoletus complex species as competent vectors in Spain [ 8 ], as it is for northern Europe [ 17 , 18 ], and reinforces our results. However, it also raises the concern that strains of BTV-4 and other serotypes could circulate in northern Spanish areas as observed in countries further north [ 110 ]. More studies are needed to determine if the scarce abundance of C. imicola in northern areas of Spain could play a role in the management of the control and eradication of the disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying Spanish Areas at More Risk of Monthly BTV Transmission with a Basic Reproduction Number Approach

Aguilar-Vega

Bosch

Fernández-Carrión

et al. 2020

Viruses

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Bluetongue virus (BTV) causes a disease that is endemic in Spain and its two major biological vector species, C. imicola and the Obsoletus complex species, differ greatly in their ecology and distribution. Understanding the seasonality of BTV transmission in risk areas is key to improving surveillance and control programs, as well as to better understand the pathogen transmission networks between wildlife and livestock. Here, monthly risk transmission maps were generated using risk categories based on well-known BTV R0 equations and predicted abundances of the two most relevant vectors in Spain. Previously, Culicoides spp. predicted abundances in mainland Spain and the Balearic Islands were obtained using remote sensing data and random forest machine learning algorithm. Risk transmission maps were externally assessed with the estimated date of infection of BTV-1 and BTV-4 historical outbreaks. Our results highlight the differences in risk transmission during April-October, June-August being the period with higher R0 values. Likewise, a natural barrier has been identified between northern and central-southern areas at risk that may hamper BTV spread between them. Our results can be relevant to implement risk-based interventions for the prevention, control and surveillance of BTV and other diseases shared between livestock and wildlife host populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying Spanish Areas at More Risk of Monthly BTV Transmission with a Basic Reproduction Number Approach

Aguilar-Vega

Bosch

Fernández-Carrión

et al. 2020

Viruses

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“…Materiał genetyczny BTV-4 na Korsyce wykryto w grudniu 2016 r., u owcy z wyraźnymi objawami klinicznymi choroby niebieskiego języka. (18). Szerzenie się wirusa zostało ograniczone w sezonie zimowym.…”

Section: Epizootia Btv-4 W Europieunclassified

“…Pod koniec 2017 r. (6 listopada 2017 r.) wirus dotarł do Francji, gdzie materiał genetyczny BTV-4 wykryto u dwutygodniowego cielaka, z regionu Haute-Savoie przy granicy ze Szwajcarią, poddanego badaniu przed eksportem do Hiszpanii. Materiał genetyczny BTV-4 wykryto również u matki cielaka i była to jedyna krowa ze stada liczącego 20 sztuk bydła w gospodarstwie, u której wykryto materiał genetyczny BTV (Ct = 24,3), co wskazywało na aktywną wiremię (18). Wykrycie materiału genetycznego BTV-4 u dwutygodniowego cielaka oraz jego matki może wskazywać na transmisję wirusa przez łożysko.…”

Section: Epizootia Btv-4 W Europieunclassified

“…Przykładem zawleczenia BTV, na tereny wolne od danego serotypu, podczas handlu wewnątrzwspólnotowego jest wykrycie BTV-4 we Francji. Zgodnie z sugestiami francuskich władz, część zwierząt, u których stwierdzono materiał genetyczny BTV-4 w 2017 r., sprowadzona była po uprzednim zaszczepieniu z terenu Korsyki oraz Sardynii, gdzie serotyp BTV-4 krążył od co najmniej kilkunastu miesięcy (18).…”

Section: Ryzyko Związane Z Importem Zwierząt Gatunków Wrażliwych Na Zunclassified

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Bluetongue in Europe – the risk of animal import from restricted zones

Orłowska

Smreczak

Rola

2019

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

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Bluetongue (BT) is a vector-borne viral disease effecting ruminants caused by bluetongue virus (BTV), transmitted mainly by bites from midges of the genus Culicoides. Since the end of 20th century, BTV is endemic in several European countries and the disease is caused mainly by BTV-8 and BTV-4 infections. Bluetongue virus is characterized by high genetic diversity. To date, over 29 BTV serotypes have been documented, including recently discovered atypical serotypes BTV (25–27). The disease has a high economic impact as it causes economic losses due to animal mortality, reduced productivity and restrictions on the movement of animals. Several reports and numerous observations indicate the contribution of animal movements to the spread of BTV infections. Thus, bluetongue surveillance that includes testing of sentinel animals as well as virological testing of animals susceptible to BTV infection imported from restricted zones due to the presence of BTV is a key factor in maintaining a BT-free status

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“…Cattle were also infected but did not show any clinical signs. In November 2017, BTV-4 was detected in the Haute-Savoie department in mainland France [67], from an asymptomatic 15-day-old calf tested before export to Spain. A detection survey was set up with a radius of 10 kilometers from where the first case of BTV-4 had been detected and led to the identification of a second neighboring farm infected by BTV-4.…”

Section: First Eastern Btv Strain Introduction In Mainland Francementioning

confidence: 99%

Bluetongue Virus in France: An Illustration of the European and Mediterranean Context since the 2000s

Kundlacz

Caignard

Sailleau

et al. 2019

Viruses

Self Cite

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Bluetongue (BT) is a non-contagious animal disease transmitted by midges of the Culicoides genus. The etiological agent is the BT virus (BTV) that induces a variety of clinical signs in wild or domestic ruminants. BT is included in the notifiable diseases list of the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) due to its health impact on domestic ruminants. A total of 27 BTV serotypes have been described and additional serotypes have recently been identified. Since the 2000s, the distribution of BTV has changed in Europe and in the Mediterranean Basin, with continuous BTV incursions involving various BTV serotypes and strains. These BTV strains, depending on their origin, have emerged and spread through various routes in the Mediterranean Basin and/or in Europe. Consequently, control measures have been put in place in France to eradicate the virus or circumscribe its spread. These measures mainly consist of assessing virus movements and the vaccination of domestic ruminants. Many vaccination campaigns were first carried out in Europe using attenuated vaccines and, in a second period, using exclusively inactivated vaccines. This review focuses on the history of the various BTV strain incursions in France since the 2000s, describing strain characteristics, their origins, and the different routes of spread in Europe and/or in the Mediterranean Basin. The control measures implemented to address this disease are also discussed. Finally, we explain the circumstances leading to the change in the BTV status of France from BTV-free in 2000 to an enzootic status since 2018.

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Emergence of bluetongue virus serotype 4 in mainland France in November 2017

Cited by 9 publications

References 20 publications

Identifying Spanish Areas at More Risk of Monthly BTV Transmission with a Basic Reproduction Number Approach

Identifying Spanish Areas at More Risk of Monthly BTV Transmission with a Basic Reproduction Number Approach

Bluetongue in Europe – the risk of animal import from restricted zones

Bluetongue Virus in France: An Illustration of the European and Mediterranean Context since the 2000s

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