Emergence of Animals from Heat Engines – Part 1. Before the Snowball Earths

Muller, Anthonie W.J.

doi:10.3390/e11030463

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 257 publications

(449 reference statements)

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“…A two-compartment thermodynamic system can perform work if the compartments exhibit a temperature difference. This concept (i.e., of the mitochondrion as a heat engine) has been proposed in a series of important papers by Muller [57][58][59][60]. In these papers, Muller elucidates the aspects of ATP synthase's operation as a molecular heat engine machine.…”

Section: Outstanding Questionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The hot mitochondrion paradox: reconciling theory and experiment

Fahimi

Matta

2022

Trends in Chemistry

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Experiments by Chrétien and coworkers suggest that mitochondria are 10°C hotter than their surroundings. Steady-state theoretical estimates place this difference at a maximum of 10 −5 °C. This millionfold disagreement may be called the 'hot mitochondrion paradox'. It is suggested that every proton translocated via ATP synthase sparks a picosecond temperature-difference spike of the order of magnitude measured by Chrétien et al. Time averaging of these spikes recovers the theoretical value. Further, a temporal and spatial superposition of the fluorescence intensity of a very large number of molecular thermometer molecules in the sample can give the appearance of a steady signal. The inner mitochondrial membrane appears to be flanked by temperature differences fluctuating in time and along the membrane's surface, with 'hot' and 'cold' spots as ultrashort temperature spikes. An apparent millionfold disagreement of theory and experiment HighlightsExperiments suggest a 10°C temperature difference between the mitochondrion and its surroundings in a millionfold disagreement with steadystate theoretical estimates.Both experiment and theory appear to be solidly founded, so we have a paradox.ATP synthase is modelled as a modified Feynman ratchet engine coupling two separate heat baths.The paradox is resolved by understanding that the appearance of the steady measurement of a temperature difference is the result of continually recording sharp, picosecond spikes of temperature difference the time averaging of which leads to the theoretical value.

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Section: Outstanding Questionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The hot mitochondrion paradox: reconciling theory and experiment

Fahimi

Matta

2022

Trends in Chemistry

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“…Moreover, topics that are closely related to spectral entropy include heat engines, system fluctuations, and non-ideal gases. These have been well represented the past few years in this journal [12][13][14][15][16]. Figure 3 illustrates how information is expressed by a pathway.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Not all cyclic transformations are created equal. Thus Carnot identified the optimum pathways for heat  work conversions [6,7,12,13]. These entail minimizing the thermal gradients within the system while maximizing the temperature differences between the points of heat injection and ejection.…”

Section: Vtmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Spectral Entropy of Thermodynamic Paths for Elementary Systems

Graham

2009

Entropy

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Systems do not elect thermodynamic pathways on their own. They operate in tandem with their surroundings. Pathway selection and traversal require coordinated work and heat exchanges along with parallel tuning of the system variables. Previous research by the author (Reference [1]) focused on the information expressed in thermodynamic pathways. Examined here is how spectral entropy is a by-product of information that depends intricately on the pathway structure. The spectral entropy has proven to be a valuable tool in diverse fields. This paper illustrates the contact between spectral entropy and the properties which distinguish ideal from non-ideal gases. The role of spectral entropy in the first and second laws of thermodynamics and heat → work conversions is also discussed.

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“…The reducing-oxidising conditions of early earth may have had structures similar to those found in the present hydrothermal vents found on the ocean beds (Martin, 2008;Zierenberg et al, 2000). These structures operate through a dynamic process called as hydrothermal convection and may have been the first initiators of proton pumping (Muller, 2009;Kurakin, 2011). The microtubular structures that currently form the cytoskeleton of biological cells could have been an outcome of these geometrical patterns that could possibly compute information by utilizing the abundant cosmic energy prevalent around.…”

Section: Cosmic Energy Structured Matter Proton Gradients and Quantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin of Life: A Consequence of Cosmic Energy, Redox Homeostasis and Quantum Phenomenon

Reddy

Pereira

2016

Neuroquantology

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Origin of life on earth transpired once and from then on, it emerges as an endless eternal process. Matter and energy are constants of the cosmos and the hypothesis is that the origin of life is a moment when these constants intertwined or interacted. Energy from the cosmos interacted with inorganic matter to support matter with retention of this riveted energy, as energy to be circulated within the primitive channelized structures to conserve energy by the materialization of the proton homeostasis mechanisms developed from the obtainable inorganic matter. The driver for these processes as we now confirm, exists in the quantum world and through quantum phenomenal processes could have combined these constants to create the magic of life. Primitive earth was a chemical reactive system that triggered a macromolecular evolution by means of open thermodynamic systems, driven by cyclic gradients of temperature, electromagnetic radiation and chemical potentials which sustained life and proto-consciousness in the first life forms driven by the quantum processes. The origin of life is always an intriguing topic but the purpose for finding the cause should never be inclined towards obliterating it; for if that is the case, the further we seek, the farther it will go.

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Emergence of Animals from Heat Engines – Part 1. Before the Snowball Earths

Cited by 6 publications

References 257 publications

The hot mitochondrion paradox: reconciling theory and experiment

The hot mitochondrion paradox: reconciling theory and experiment

On the Spectral Entropy of Thermodynamic Paths for Elementary Systems

Origin of Life: A Consequence of Cosmic Energy, Redox Homeostasis and Quantum Phenomenon

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