Emergence of a Novel Swine-Origin Influenza A (H1N1) Virus in Humans

Jain, Seema; Finelli, Lyn; Shaw, Michael; Lindstrom, Stephen; Gubareva, Larisa V.; Xu, Xinyi; Uyeki, Timothy M.

doi:10.1056/nejmoa0903810

Cited by 2,537 publications

(840 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…As has been previously reported, gastrointestinal symptoms are prominent and suggesting for the pandemic H1N1 2009 influenza infection 1 , 2 , 3 . In the present study, clinical manifestations of the pandemic H1N1 2009 influenza virus infection are similar to the report from China, 1 but different from U.S. and U.K reports.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

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Clinical factors predictive of PCR positive in pandemic H1N1 2009 influenza virus infection

Phungoen

Sawanyawisuth

Engchanil

et al. 2011

Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses

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Please cite this paper as: Phungoen et al. (2011) Clinical factors predictive of PCR positive in pandemic H1N1 2009 influenza virus infection. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 5(6), e558–e562. Objective Pandemic H1N1 2009 influenza virus (H1N1) has been spreading globally. Clinical features might be predictive and may be different among countries. Even though the PCR test is a confirmatory test for this viral infection, it is expensive and limited in most Thai health care facilities. We studied predictive factors of PCR positive in H1N1 suspected patients. Methods Consecutive patients who had influenza‐like illness less than seven days and had been tested for H1N1 by the real‐time PCR method between May and July 2009 were enrolled. Clinical data was collected and compared between those who had positive and negative PCR tests. Results There were 6494 patients had flu‐like symptoms. Of those, 166 patients were done PCR test and 75 patients (45·18%) had positive PCR test. There were four predictors for positive PCR test including history of contact with confirmed H1N1 patients, headache, body temperature, and coryza with the adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 2·84 (1·09–7·40), 6·25 (1·42–27·49), 1·69 (1·08–2·66), and 0·31 (0·12–0·79), respectively. Conclusions Clinical factors can be both suggestive and protective factors for H1N1 infection. These factors may be helpful in clinical practice to assess the possibility of the H1N1 infection in people who are at risk; particularly in resource‐limited health care facilities.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea are prominent in the United States, 3 and headache is a dominant symptom in the U.K 4 . On the other hand, both gastrointestinal symptoms and headache are not common in a report from China 1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical factors predictive of PCR positive in pandemic H1N1 2009 influenza virus infection

Phungoen

Sawanyawisuth

Engchanil

et al. 2011

Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses

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“…The new strain initially spread among travelers to the USA and Canada, and subsequently infected people worldwide 4 . Clinical presentations ranged from mild symptoms to severe cases that lead to pneumonia and respiratory failure–related deaths.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pandemic 2009 Influenza A (H1N1) virus infection in cancer and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients; a multicenter observational study.

Dignani¹,

Costantini

Salgueira

et al. 2014

F1000Res

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Background: During March 2009 a novel Influenza A virus emerged in Mexico. We describe the clinical picture of the pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) Influenza in cancer patients during the 2009 influenza season. Methods: Twelve centers participated in a multicenter retrospective observational study of cancer patients with confirmed infection with the 2009 H1N1 Influenza A virus (influenza-like illness or pneumonia plus positive PCR for the 2009 H1N1 Influenza A virus in respiratory secretions). Clinical data were obtained by retrospective chart review and analyzed. Results: From May to August 2009, data of 65 patients were collected. Median age was 51 years, 57 % of the patients were female. Most patients (47) had onco-hematological cancers and 18 had solid tumors. Cancer treatment mainly consisted of chemotherapy (46), or stem cell transplantation (SCT) (16). Only 19 of 64 patients had received the 2009 seasonal Influenza vaccine. Clinical presentation included pneumonia (43) and upper respiratory tract infection (22). Forty five of 58 ambulatory patients were admitted. Mechanical ventilation was required in 12 patients (18%). Treatment included oseltamivir monotherapy or in combination with amantadine for a median of 7 days. The global 30-day mortality rate was 18%. All 12 deaths were among the non-vaccinated patients. No deaths were observed among the 19 vaccinated patients. Oxygen saturation <96% at presentation was a predictor of mortality (OR 19.5; 95%CI: 2.28 to 165.9). Conclusions: In our cancer patient population, the pandemic 2009 Influenza A (H1N1) virus was associated with high incidence of pneumonia (66%), and 30-day mortality (18.5%). Saturation <96% was significantly associated with death. No deaths were observed among vaccinated patients.

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“…The disease poses a considerable public health risk. Not only can viruses infect humans directly, causing severe disease with high mortality, 1 but there is also potential for these viruses to acquire the ability to transmit from human to human either by reassortment with other influenza viruses or by mutation and give rise to new pandemic strains 2 . Avian influenza viruses were first detected in Thailand in January 2004, and through 2006, there were 25 persons infected with laboratory‐confirmed influenza A (H5N1) viruses, including 17 deaths, reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influenza viruses in Thailand: 7 years of sentinel surveillance data, 2004–2010

Chittaganpitch

Supawat

Olsen

et al. 2011

Influenza Resp Viruses

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Please cite this paper as: Chittaganpitch et al. (2012) Influenza viruses in Thailand: 7 years of sentinel surveillance data, 2004–2010. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 6(4), 276–283. Background The re‐emergence of avian influenza A (H5N1) in 2004 and the pandemic of influenza A (H1N1) in 2009 highlight the need for routine surveillance systems to monitor influenza viruses, particularly in Southeast Asia where H5N1 is endemic in poultry. In 2004, the Thai National Institute of Health, in collaboration with the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, established influenza sentinel surveillance throughout Thailand. Objectives To review routine epidemiologic and virologic surveillance for influenza viruses for public health action. Methods Throat swabs from persons with influenza‐like illness and severe acute respiratory illness were collected at 11 sentinel sites during 2004–2010. Influenza viruses were identified using the standard protocol for polymerase chain reaction. Viruses were cultured and identified by immunofluorescence assay; strains were identified by hemagglutination inhibition assay. Data were analyzed to describe frequency, seasonality, and distribution of circulating strains. Results Of the 19 457 throat swabs, 3967 (20%) were positive for influenza viruses: 2663 (67%) were influenza A and able to be subtyped [21% H1N1, 25% H3N2, 21% pandemic (pdm) H1N1] and 1304 (33%) were influenza B. During 2009–2010, the surveillance system detected three waves of pdm H1N1. Influenza annually presents two peaks, a major peak during the rainy season (June–August) and a minor peak in winter (October–February). Conclusions These data suggest that March–April may be the most appropriate months for seasonal influenza vaccination in Thailand. This system provides a robust profile of the epidemiology of influenza viruses in Thailand and has proven useful for public health planning.

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Emergence of a Novel Swine-Origin Influenza A (H1N1) Virus in Humans

Abstract: A novel swine-origin influenza A virus was identified as the cause of outbreaks of febrile respiratory infection ranging from self-limited to severe illness. It is likely that the number of confirmed cases underestimates the number of cases that have occurred.

Cited by 2,537 publications

References 14 publications

Clinical factors predictive of PCR positive in pandemic H1N1 2009 influenza virus infection

Clinical factors predictive of PCR positive in pandemic H1N1 2009 influenza virus infection

Pandemic 2009 Influenza A (H1N1) virus infection in cancer and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients; a multicenter observational study.

Influenza viruses in Thailand: 7 years of sentinel surveillance data, 2004–2010

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