Emergence of a Novel Bluetongue Virus Serotype, China 2014

Sun, E; Huang, Liping; Xu, Qinghua; Wang, H. X.; Xue, Xiaolin; Lü, Ping; Li, W. J.; Liu, W.; Bu, Zhigao; Wu, Donglai

doi:10.1111/tbed.12560

Cited by 71 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The typical BTV serotypes (BTV‐1 to 24) may cause severe clinical signs particularly in sheep depending on the breed, while goats, cattle and camelids usually remain asymptomatic during BTV infection (Batten et al., ; MacLachlan, Drew, Darpel, & Worwa, ; Schulz, Eschbaumer, Ziller et al., ). Various novel “atypical” BTV serotypes have been discovered during the last decade in goats, sheep and alpaca (Batten et al., ; Bumbarov, Golender, Erster, & Khinich, ; Chaignat et al., ; Savini et al., ; Sun et al., ; Wright, ; Zientara et al., ). The three “atypical” serotypes BTV‐25, 26 and 27 are apathogenic for goats, while mild clinical signs could be observed in some sheep experimentally infected with BTV‐25 or 26.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental infection of sheep, goats and cattle with a bluetongue virus serotype 4 field strain from Bulgaria, 2014

Schulz

Sailleau

Bréard

et al. 2017

Transbound Emerg Dis

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In 2014, a new bluetongue virus serotype 4 (BTV-4) strain was detected in southern Greece and spread rapidly throughout the Balkan Peninsula and adjacent countries. Within half a year, more than 7,068 outbreaks were reported in ruminants, particularly in sheep. However, the reported morbidity and case fatality rates in ruminants varied. The pathogenesis of a Bulgarian BTV-4 strain isolated from sheep during the BTV-4 epizootic was studied in different species. Therefore, four sheep, three goats and three cattle were experimentally infected with the isolate BTV-4/BUL2014/15 and monitored for clinical signs up to several weeks. Serum and whole-blood samples were collected at regular intervals and subjected to serological and virological analyses. In this context, BTV-4-specific real-time RT-PCR assays were developed. The infection kinetics were similar to those known for other traditional BTV serotypes, and only mild BT-like clinical signs were observed in goats and sheep. In cattle, no obvious clinical signs were observed, except a transient increase in body temperature. The study results contrast with the severe clinical signs reported in sheep experimentally infected with an African BTV-4 strain and with the reports of BT-like clinical signs in a considerable proportion of different ruminant species infected with BTV-4 in the Balkan region and Italy. The discrepancies between the results of these animal trials and observations of BTV-4 infection in the field may be explained by the influence of various factors on the manifestation of BT disease, such as animal breed, fitness and virus strain, as described previously.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental infection of sheep, goats and cattle with a bluetongue virus serotype 4 field strain from Bulgaria, 2014

Schulz

Sailleau

Bréard

et al. 2017

Transbound Emerg Dis

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“…; Sun et al . ). Infection in cattle and goats is usually asymptomatic, but the disease can cause severe clinical signs and death in sheep and deer (Darpel et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Prevalence and risk factors for bluetongue in the State of São Paulo, Brazil

Silva

Lima

Spedicato

et al. 2018

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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Bluetongue (BT), caused by Bluetongue virus (BTV), is a disease that affects ruminants such as cattle, sheep, goats and deer. BTV is transmitted by female midges of the genus Culicoides. In Brazil, information on the prevalence of BTV in cattle is limited, so the objective of this work was to identify BTV serotypes in cattle. The State of São Paulo was divided into seven cattle‐producing regions, and in each of them, 300 cattle farms were randomly selected. One animal from each farm (out of a total of 1,598 farms) was selected and its sera tested by virus neutralization technique against BTV serotypes (1–24 and 26) for determining antibody titre. Moreover, for each sampled farm, an epidemiological questionnaire was submitted to verify the type of cattle production and the zootechnical and sanitary practices carried out, which could be associated with a higher risk of BTV infection. In this study, antibodies (percentage, [95% confidence interval]) were identified against 11 serotypes: BTV‐1 (22.15%, [15.72–27.92]), BTV‐2 (31.03%, [26.65–37.98]), BTV‐3 (18.96%, [12.42–24.90]), BTV‐4 (24.90% [19.41–29.12]), BTV‐9 (6.82%, [1.45–11.72]), BTV‐12 (7.50%, [2.82–12.51]), BTV‐17 (23.90%, [17.35–29.35]), BTV‐19 (10.20%, [4.62–5.56]), BTV‐21 (30.66%, [25.00–36.00]), BTV‐22 (12.14%, [5.91–18.55]), BTV‐26 (57.00%, [51.41–63.59]). In this study, for the first time in Brazil serological evidence of the presence of serotypes BTV‐2, BTV‐9, BTV‐21 and BTV‐26 is reported. The variable ‘new cattle entering herd’ was considered a risk factor for the occurrence of infection (OR = 2.183, 95% CI = 1.6–2.9).

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“…; Sun et al . ). In 2006, BTV serotype 8 (BTV‐8) emerged unexpectedly in Northern Europe throughout a region including Belgium, France, Germany, Luxembourg and the Netherlands.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Ring trial 2016 for Bluetongue virus detection by real-time RT-PCR in France

et al. 2017

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Since the unexpected emergence of BTV‐8 in Northern Europe and the incursion of BTV‐8 and 1 in France in 2006–2007, molecular diagnosis has considerably evolved. Several real‐time RT‐PCR (rtRT‐PCR) methods have been developed and published, and are currently being used in many countries across Europe for BTV detection and typing. In France, the national reference laboratory (NRL) for orbiviruses develops and validates ‘ready‐to‐use’ kits with private companies for viral RNA detection. The regional laboratories network that was set up to deal with a heavy demand for analyses has used these available kits. From 2007, ring tests were organized to monitor the performance of the French laboratories. This study presents the results of 63 regional laboratories in the ring trial organized in 2016. Blood samples were sent to the laboratories. Participants were asked to use the rtRT‐PCR methods in place in their laboratory, for detection of all BTV serotypes and specifically BTV‐8. The French regional laboratories are able to detect and genotype BTV in affected animals. Despite the use of several methods (i.e. RNA extraction and different commercial rtRT‐PCRs), the network is homogeneous. The ring trial demonstrated that the French regional veterinary laboratories have reliable and robust BTV diagnostic tools for BTV genome detection.

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Emergence of a Novel Bluetongue Virus Serotype, China 2014

Cited by 71 publications

References 19 publications

Experimental infection of sheep, goats and cattle with a bluetongue virus serotype 4 field strain from Bulgaria, 2014

Experimental infection of sheep, goats and cattle with a bluetongue virus serotype 4 field strain from Bulgaria, 2014

Prevalence and risk factors for bluetongue in the State of São Paulo, Brazil

Ring trial 2016 for Bluetongue virus detection by real-time RT-PCR in France

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