Emergence in China of human disease due to avian influenza A(H10N8) – Cause for concern?

To, Kelvin Kai-Wang; Tsang, Alan K.L.; Chan, Jasper Fuk‐Woo; Cheng, Vincent Chi-Chung; Chen, Honglin; Yuen, Kwok‐Yung

doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2013.12.014

Cited by 97 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…b *, P Ͻ 0.10; **, P Ͻ 0.05; ***, P Ͻ 0.01; ****, P Ͻ 0.001. a Pr (Ͼ|z|), probability that the z value is greater than the estimate. b *, P Ͻ 0.10; **, P Ͻ 0.05; ***, P Ͻ 0.01; ****, P Ͻ 0.001. those belonging to subtypes H5N1, H7N9, H9N2, and H10N8, were first detected in China and Hong Kong (9,11,23). The factors leading to geographical associations with higher substitution rates are not clear, although it is possible that certain practices such as mixed-bird farming and the presence of live-bird markets may serve as drivers for increased substitution rates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subtypes H6N1, H7N3, H7N7, H9N2, and H10N7 have been primarily associated with nonfatal disease symptoms, including conjunctivitis and mild acute upper respiratory tract infections in humans (6)(7)(8)(9), the only exception being a single fatal human case of H7N7 infection in the Netherlands in 2003 (10). In contrast, H5N1 and H7N9 strains have been associated with alarmingly high levels of mortality among infected people but do not sustain human-tohuman transmission (11). Another subtype, H10N8, was recently linked to a case of fatal pneumonia (12).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Evolutionary Dynamics and Global Diversity of Influenza A Virus

Rejmanek

Hosseini

Mazet

et al. 2015

J Virol

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The increasing number of zoonotic infections caused by influenza A virus (IAV) subtypes of avian origin (e.g., H5N1 and H7N9) in recent years underscores the need to better understand the factors driving IAV evolution and diversity. To evaluate the current feasibility of global analyses to contribute to this aim, we evaluated information in the public domain to explore IAV evolutionary dynamics, including nucleotide substitution rates and selection pressures, using 14 IAV subtypes in 32 different countries over a 12-year period (2000 to 2011). Using geospatial information from 39,785 IAV strains, we examined associations between subtype diversity and socioeconomic, biodiversity, and agricultural indices. Our analyses showed that nucleotide substitution rates for 11 of the 14 evaluated subtypes tended to be higher in Asian countries, particularly in East Asia, than in Canada and the United States. Similarly, at a regional level, subtypes H5N1, H5N2, and H6N2 exhibited significantly higher substitution rates in East Asia than in North America. In contrast, the selection pressures (measured as ratios of nonsynonymous to synonymous evolutionary changes [dN/dS ratios]) acting on individual subtypes showed little geographic variation. We found that the strongest predictors for the detected subtype diversity at the country level were reporting effort (i.e., total number of strains reported) and health care spending (an indicator of economic development). Our analyses also identified major global gaps in IAV reporting (including a lack of sequences submitted from large portions of Africa and South America and a lack of geolocation information) and in broad subtype testing which, until addressed, will continue to hinder efforts to track the evolution and diversity of IAV around the world. IMPORTANCEIn recent years, an increasing number of influenza A virus (IAV) subtypes, including H5N1, H7N9, and H10N8, have been detected in humans. High fatality rates have led to an increased urgency to better understand where and how novel pathogenic influenza virus strains emerge. Our findings showed that mutational rates of 11 commonly encountered subtypes were higher in East Asian countries than in North America, suggesting that there may be a greater risk for the emergence of novel pathogenic strains in East Asia. In assessing the potential drivers of IAV subtype diversity, our analyses confirmed that reporting effort and health care spending were the best predictors of the observed subtype diversity at the country level. These findings underscore the need to increase sampling and reporting efforts for all subtypes in many undersampled countries throughout the world.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Evolutionary Dynamics and Global Diversity of Influenza A Virus

Rejmanek

Hosseini

Mazet

et al. 2015

J Virol

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“…The six internal gene segments were similar to those of the H9N2 influenza viruses frequently detected in chickens [9]. Notably, the H10N8 virus emergence coincided with a second wave of the human H7N9 AIV outbreak [10], and subsequent to the human index case, more H10N8 AIV infections have been detected in both avian species and humans [3,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Antibodies against H10N8 avian influenza virus among animal workers in Guangdong Province before November 30, 2013, when the first human H10N8 case was recognized

Xiao

et al. 2014

BMC Medicine

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Background: Considered an epicenter of pandemic influenza virus generation, southern China has recently seen an increasing number of human H7N9 infections. However, it is not the only threat. On 30 November 2013, a human H10N8 infection case was first described in China. The origin and genetic diversity of this novel virus is similar to that of H7N9 virus. As H10N8 avian influenza virus (AIV) was first identified from a duck in Guangdong Province during 2012 and there is also evidence of H10N8 infected dogs in this region, we sought to examine archived sera from animal workers to see if there was evidence of subclinical human infections before the first human H10N8 cases. Methods:We studied archived serum samples (cross-sectional study, convenience sample) collected between May and September 2013 from 710 animal workers and 107 non-animal exposed volunteers living in five cities of Guangdong Province. Study participants' sera were tested by horse red blood cells (RBCs) hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and microneutralization (MN) assays according to World Health Organization guidelines. The A/Jiangxi-Donghu/346-1/2013 (H10N8) virus was used. Sera which have an HI assay ≥1:20 were further tested with the MN assay. Questionnaire data were examined for risk factor associations with positive serological assays. Risk factor analyses failed to identify specific factors associated with probable H10N8 infections. Results: Among the 827 sera, only 21 animal workers had an HI titer ≥1:20 (18 had an HI titer of 1:20 and 3 had an HI titer of 1:40). None of these 21 subjects reported experiencing any influenza symptoms during the three months before enrollment. Among the three subjects with HI titers of 1:40, two had MN antibody titers of 1:40, and one had a MN antibody titer of 1:80 (probable H10N8 infections).Conclusions: Study data suggest that animal workers may have been infected with the H10N8 virus before the first recognized H10N8 human infection cases. It seems prudent to continue surveillance for H10N8 viruses among animal workers.

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“…The major causes of influenzarelated morbidity and mortality in humans have been the H1, H2, and H3 subtypes of influenza A, as illustrated by the three pandemics of the twentieth century: the 1918 Spanish flu (H1), the 1957 Asian flu (H2), and the 1968 Hong Kong flu (H3). However, recently emerging subtypes of traditionally zoonotic (primarily avian) strains, such as H5, H6, H7, H9, and H10 influenza viruses, have caused severe, but isolated, disease outbreaks in humans (1)(2)(3)(4)(5) and may cause future influenza pandemics. Because current vaccines predominantly induce strain-specific Abs (6, 7) and require a substantial amount of time for production (8)(9)(10), novel vaccine strategies conferring broader protection are needed.…”

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confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Targeting of Multiple Hemagglutinins to APCs for Induction of Broad Immunity against Influenza

Anderson

Baranowska-Hustad

Braathen

et al. 2018

The Journal of Immunology

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There is a need for vaccines that can confer broad immunity against highly diverse pathogens, such as influenza. The efficacy of conventional influenza vaccines is dependent on accurate matching of vaccines to circulating strains, but slow and limited production capacities increase the probability of vaccine mismatches. In contrast, DNA vaccination allows for rapid production of vaccines encoding novel influenza Ags. The efficacy of DNA vaccination is greatly improved if the DNA-encoded vaccine proteins target APCs. In this study, we have used hemagglutinin (HA) genes from each of six group 1 influenza viruses (H5, H6, H8, H9, H11, and H13), and inserted these into a DNA vaccine format that induces delivery of the HA protein Ags to MHC class II molecules on APCs. Each of the targeted DNA vaccines induced high titers of strain-specific anti-HA Abs. Importantly, when the six HA vaccines were mixed and injected simultaneously, the strain-specific Ab titers were maintained. In addition, the vaccine mixture induced Abs that cross-reacted with strains not included in the vaccine mixture (H1) and could protect mice against a heterosubtypic challenge with the H1 viruses A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (H1N1) and A/California/07/2009 (H1N1). The data suggest that vaccination with a mixture of HAs could be useful for induction of strain-specific immunity against strains represented in the mixture and, in addition, confer some degree of cross-protection against unrelated influenza strains.

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Emergence in China of human disease due to avian influenza A(H10N8) – Cause for concern?

Cited by 97 publications

References 73 publications

Evolutionary Dynamics and Global Diversity of Influenza A Virus

Evolutionary Dynamics and Global Diversity of Influenza A Virus

Antibodies against H10N8 avian influenza virus among animal workers in Guangdong Province before November 30, 2013, when the first human H10N8 case was recognized

Simultaneous Targeting of Multiple Hemagglutinins to APCs for Induction of Broad Immunity against Influenza

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