Emergence and Transmission of Plasmid-Mediated Mobile Colistin Resistance Gene
            <i>mcr-10</i>
            in Humans and Companion Animals

Yin, Yi; Qiu, Lihao; Wang, Guizhen; Guo, Zhimin; Wang, Zhiqiang; Qiu, Jiazhang; Li, Ruichao

doi:10.1128/spectrum.02097-22

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The mobile colistin resistance genes, mcr , mediated by plasmids is the mechanism of concern leading to the wide dissemination of colistin resistance bacteria worldwide [ 45 ]. The mcr -carrying plasmids are characterized by the Inc-type, and the main Inc-type is different depending on the site of isolation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative genome analysis of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli harboring mcr isolated from rural community residents in Ecuador and Vietnam

Thanh Hoang,

Yamamoto,

Calvopina

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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The spread of colistin-resistant bacteria among rural community residents of low- and middle-income countries is a major threat to community health. Although the mechanism of the spread of colistin-resistant bacteria in communities is unknown, geographic and regional characteristics may influence it. To elucidate the spread mechanism of colistin-resistant bacteria, we analyzed the genomes of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from Vietnam and Ecuador residents, which are geographically and socially different. Stool specimens of 139 and 98 healthy residents from Ecuador and Vietnam rural communities, respectively, were analyzed for colistin-resistant E. coli with mcr. Its prevalence in the residents of all the communities assessed was high and approximately equal in both countries: 71.8% in Ecuador and 69.4% in Vietnam. A phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that the sequence type of colistin-resistant E. coli was diverse and the major sequence types were different between the two countries. The location of mcr in the isolates showed that the proportion of chromosomal mcr was 35.1% and 8.5% in the Vietnam and Ecuador isolates, respectively. Most of these chromosomal mcr genes (75%–76%) had an intact mcr-transposon Tn6330. Contrastingly, the replicon types of the mcr-carrying-plasmids were diverse in both countries, but almost all belonged to IncI2 in Ecuador and IncX1/X4 in Vietnam. Approximately 26%–45% of these mcr-plasmids had other resistance genes, which also varied between countries. These results suggest that although the overall profile of the colistin-resistant E. coli isolates is diverse in these countries, the phylogenesis of the isolates and mcr-carrying plasmids has regional characteristics. Although the contributing factors are not clear, it is obvious that the overall profile of colistin-resistant bacteria dissemination varies between countries. Such different epidemic patterns are important for establishing country-specific countermeasures against colistin-resistant bacteria.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative genome analysis of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli harboring mcr isolated from rural community residents in Ecuador and Vietnam

Thanh Hoang,

Yamamoto,

Calvopina

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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“…This trend has facilitated unprecedented interactions and contact between wildlife, domestic animals, and humans, leading to potential ramifications [7] . Nevertheless, the AMR is poorly reported worldwide in this niche [8][9][10] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unveiling the emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens in exotic pets from France: a comprehensive study (2017-2019)

Cardoso,

Le Loc’h,

Marques

et al. 2023

One Health Implement Res

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Aim: This study intends to assess the occurrence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) resistant pathogens among exotic pets from France (2017-2019). Methods: Isolates were identified using MALDI-TOF-MS. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted for 21 antimicrobials and was assayed by disk diffusion methods. Statistical analyses were carried out using GraphPad Prism® (version 9.4.1.). Results: Isolates (n = 2,100) recovered from samples of 10 small mammals (n = 1,555), 23 birds (n = 287), and 18 reptiles (n = 208) species were identified as Enterobacterales (n = 634), Pseudomonadaceae (n = 176), Pasteurellacea (n = 276), Staphylococcaceae (n = 563) , Streptococcaceae (n = 259), and Enterococcaceae (n = 186). Consistent high resistance rates were observed among diverse genera and/or species to beta-lactams, tetracyclines, and macrolides. Notably, a significant prevalence of MDR bacteria was identified, with 22.8% (n = 479/2,100, P < 0.05). Furthermore, 23.5% (P < 0.05) of these MDR bacteria displayed resistance to all tested antimicrobials: E. faecalis (n = 47/49; 95.0%), E. coli (n = 19/52; 36.5%), Klebsiella spp. (n = 12/32; 37.5%), S. epidermidis (n = 7/25; 28%), Streptococcus spp. (n = 6/68; 8.8%), Enterococcus spp. (n = 6/23; 26%), Staphylococcus spp. (n = 4/51; 7.8%), Lactococcus spp. (n = 4/8; 50%), Citrobacter spp. (n = 3/7; 42.8%), Raoultella spp. (n = 2/3; 66.6%), Serratia spp. (n = 1/9; 11.1%), Pasteurella spp. (n = 1/14; 7.1%), and S. xylosus (n = 1/28; 3.5%). Conclusions: This study emphasizes exotic pets as an emergent reservoir of MDR bacteria, focusing on E. faecalis as a potential route of transmission of MDR bacteria to humans, other animal species and environment. Urgent measures, including the establishment of mandatory monitoring for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and the enforcement of restrictive antibiotic use policies in exotic pets, should be implemented to mitigate the risk of further spread and safeguard public and animal health.

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“…This includes in animals where there has been appreciable use of colistin as a growth promoter in recent years [30], with studies now showing that 96% or more of total worldwide use of colistin is still in poultry and pig farming [31,32]. Concerns with the overuse of colistin including both animals and humans, and resultant resistance development via zoonotic gene transfers, coupled with its importance in treating resistant gramnegative infections to reduce morbidity and mortality, has resulted in the World Health Organization and others classifying colistin as an antibiotic of very high importance for use in humans with its use reserved [21,[33][34][35][36][37][38][39]. Alongside this, many countries now ban the use of colistin as a growth promoter in animal feeds and prophylactically to prevent bacterial infections [40][41][42].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mobile Colistin-Resistant Gene; mcr-1, mcr-2, mcr-3 Identified in Diarrheal Pathogens among Infants, Children, and Adults in Bangladesh: Implications for the Future

Sarker,

Neeloy,

Habib

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Colistin is a last-resort antimicrobial for treating multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Phe-notypic colistin resistance is highly associated with plasmid-mediated mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes. mcr-bearing Enterobacteriaceae have been detected in many countries, with the emergence of colistin-resistant pathogens a global concern. This study assessed the distribution of mcr-1, mcr-2, mcr-3, mcr-4, and mcr-5 genes with the phenotypic colistin resistance in isolates from diarrheal infants and children in Bangladesh. Bacteria were identified using the API-20E biochemical panel and 16s rDNA gene sequencing. Polymerase chain reac-tions detected mcr gene variants in the isolates. Their susceptibilities to colistin were determined by agar dilu-tion and E-test by minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) measurements. Over 30.0% (69/225) of isolates showed colistin resistance by agar dilution assessment (MIC> 2.0 μg/mL). Overall, 15.5% of isolates carried mcr genes (7, mcr-1; 17, mcr-2; 13, mcr-3; and co-occurrence occurred in 2 isolates). Clinical breakout MIC val-ues (≥ 4 μg/mL) were associated with 91.3% of mcr-positive isolates. The mcr-positive pathogens include twenty Escherichia spp., five Shigella flexneri, five Citrobacter spp., two Klebsiella pneumoniae, and three Pseudo-monas parafulva. mcr-genes appeared to be significantly associated with phenotypic colistin resistance phe-nomena (p=0.000), with 100% colistin-resistant isolates showing MDR phenomena. Age and sex of patients showed no significant association with detected mcr variants. Overall, mcr-associated colistin-resistant bacte-ria have emerged in Bangladesh, which warrants further research to determine their spread and instigate ac-tivities to reduce resistance.

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Emergence and Transmission of Plasmid-Mediated Mobile Colistin Resistance Gene mcr-10 in Humans and Companion Animals

Cited by 11 publications

References 39 publications

Comparative genome analysis of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli harboring mcr isolated from rural community residents in Ecuador and Vietnam

Comparative genome analysis of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli harboring mcr isolated from rural community residents in Ecuador and Vietnam

Unveiling the emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens in exotic pets from France: a comprehensive study (2017-2019)

Mobile Colistin-Resistant Gene; mcr-1, mcr-2, mcr-3 Identified in Diarrheal Pathogens among Infants, Children, and Adults in Bangladesh: Implications for the Future

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