Emergence and serovar profiling of non-typhoidal Salmonellae (NTS) isolated from gastroenteritis cases–A study from South India

Abstract

Human infection with non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) serovars is often a neglected and undiagnosed infection in the developing world. Invasive NTS is now being established as having a new and emerging pathogenic role. There is not sufficient data on the prevalence of NTS serovars and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern from India. Faecal specimens collected from patients with acute gastroenteritis were processed to isolate Salmonella according to the standard protocol for a period from January 2011-December 2014. Salmonella isolates were serotyped and tested for antibiotic susceptibility. Of the total 320 (10.04%) bacterial enteric pathogens isolated, 64 (20%) were non-typhoidal Salmonella. Among the serogroup, O:4 (B) (n = 26; 40.6%) was found to be the commonest followed by O:7 (C1) (n = 11; 17.1%) and O:3,10 (E1) (n = 11; 17.1%). NTS infection in cancer patients could also be termed as nosocomial NTS diarrhoea due to primary community infection with prolonged incubation periods, consumption of contaminated food during hospital stay or Nosocomially acquired infection. Serovar Oslo has been predominant (9/17) in NTS isolates from cancer patients, whereas serovars Bovismorbificans, Wangata and Schleissheim have been reported for the first time in the country. The isolates were mostly susceptible to antibiotics except Salmonella ser Kentucky, which showed resistance to ciprofloxacin is reported for the first time in the country. Continuous surveillance is required to monitor resistance of NTS isolates.

Detection of Non-Typhoidal Salmonella Gastroenteritis in a Tertiary Children’s Hospital in China

“…Among the NTS isolated from stool samples, Nalidixic acid was predominant among our NTS, (64.8%) which was very much higher than that reported from Kenya (6%) (16). In contrast to our results, other studies from South India (8), and West Africa (31), reported that none of their NTS isolates were resistant to nalidixic acid.…”

“…In our study ciprofloxacin resistance (47.8%) was the second most common resistance reported, which was higher than that reported from Ethiopia (4.5%) (34), Congo (4.3%) (33), India (23.5%) (22), and lower than that reported from South India (97%) (8). Other studies from West Africa (31) and Malaysia (35) reported 100% susceptibility to ciprofloxacin.…”

“…About 5% of the NTS infection in high-income countries occurs due to extra-intestinal and invasive NTS (iNTS). The iNTS found in the bloodstream of children is emerging with new pathogenic characteristics (8). Except for immunocompromised patients, the NTS infection does not necessitate antibiotic treatment, while, the iNTS infection requires an antibiotic treatment (9,10).…”

Occurrence, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and genotypic relatedness of Salmonella spp. isolates from captive wildlife, their caretakers, feed and water in India

“…The predominant serovars identified in this study were Typhimurium and Kentucky. Both of these serovars were identified earlier from human infections in India [30]. Two Typhimurium strains isolated in this study were MDR with penta and tetra-type resistant patterns suggesting the significance of this serovar in animal and public health.…”

Prevalence of Multidrug Resistant Salmonellae with Increasing Frequency of <i>Salmonella enterica</i> Serovars Kentucky and Virchow among Hospitalized Diarrheal Cases in and around Delhi, India

“…NTS isolated in India and other countries are generally susceptible to many antimicrobials (12,13,37). Except for S. Kentucky, the other NTS isolates from diarrheal patients from 2011 to 2014 in Manipal, south of India, were susceptible to most of the tested antimicrobials (38). S. Kentucky encountered in this study was highly resistant to many of antimicrobials and the resistance profiles increased in four years from 2014 to 2017.…”