Emergence and mating behavior of the oriental fruit moth<i>Cydia molesta</i>(Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and its potential for reproduction

Kong, Weina; Wang, Yi; Jia, Xiaoting; Gao, Yue; Fan, Rong; Li, Jie; Ma, Ruiyan

doi:10.1080/00379271.2019.1657361

Cited by 9 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…However, males showed a higher response rate to attractants in general than did females in the field. Our results showed that the tested attractants captured mated females and had always low female attraction, which may be related to the moth density and sex ratios by the interpretation of a mass trapping project, and flight performance of gravid females . The ph had a low male attraction in the overwintering and third generations, which might be related to the occurrence of G .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

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Behavioral effects of different attractants on adult male and female oriental fruit moths, Grapholita molesta

Kong

Wang

Guo

et al. 2020

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUNDGrapholita molesta (Busck) is a fruit pest worldwide. While sex pheromones‐based technology for male attraction has made great progress in the monitoring or mass trapping of G. molesta, the attraction of males alone is not an effective reproductive control strategy. The integration of sex pheromones with female attractants, which have been reported to attract adult females and males, is therefore necessary. To determine a suitable dual‐sex attractant for trapping G. molesta, combinations of four attractants [sex pheromones (ph), host‐plant volatiles (pp), sugar‐acetic acid‐ethanol‐water solutions (ss), and food lures (fl)] were screened using electroantennograms, wind tunnel experiments, and field trial tests. Various mediums and antioxidants were then added to the selected attractants combination (AC) and examined in the field.RESULTSThe responses of G. molesta to attractants differed significantly between the sexes. Increases in male activation behavior and trapping were motivated by ph, while pp and particularly ss increased adult antennae perception. In response to fl alone or together with ph, more male or female individuals were trapped. This indicates that ph, as a sex lure, and fl, as a host lure, may complete male and female attraction. Consequently, this combination is suggested. In the field trials, the additions of 10 μL of honey and 35% (184.3 μg) of 2,6‐di‐tert‐butyl‐4‐methylphenol [BTH] (preservatives) to the AC (ph + fl) resulted in moth captures equal to that of a commercial sex pheromones lure.CONCLUSIONA dual‐sex attractant composed of ph, fl, honey, and BTH is recommended for trapping G. molesta in the field. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…molesta . However, we found that males could copulate multiple times, whereas females seldom mated more than once . Hughes and Dorn (2002) reported that adult females and males may have the capacity to make inter‐orchard flights, and gravid females appear to be the main colonists .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Behavioral effects of different attractants on adult male and female oriental fruit moths, Grapholita molesta

Kong

Wang

Guo

et al. 2020

Pest Management Science

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“…molesta population size (Kong et al ., 2020 a , b , c ). G. molesta is reported to be a polygamous species (Baker et al ., 1981; de Morais et al ., 2012; Kong et al ., 2019). The possible effects of polygamy in G .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The possible effects of polygamy in G . molesta on reproductive performance have been studied (Fraser and Trimble, 2001; de Morais et al ., 2011, 2012; Kong et al ., 2019). In male and female G .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In male and female G . molesta moths, mating occurs throughout the entire adult life stage, but with greater occurrence in younger adults; and the first mating can occur on the first night after emergence when females can also produce fertile eggs (Fraser and Trimble, 2001; de Morais et al ., 2012; Kong et al ., 2019). Because females seldom mate more than once, age-delayed mating of females does not affect the daily oviposition rate (Fraser and Trimble, 2001; Kong et al ., 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of operational sex ratio, mating age, and male mating history on mating and reproductive behavior inGrapholita molesta

Kong

Wang

Guo

et al. 2021

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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The short-lived polygamous moth Grapholita molesta (Busck) is an important fruit pest worldwide. Trapping males by synthetic female sex pheromones is not an effective reproductive control strategy. It is important to improve this technology by understanding the mating system of G. molesta. This study investigated mating opportunities and fertile egg production by altering the operational sex ratio, mating age, and male mating history in repeated single mating and multiple mating in the two sexes. Our results showed that the mating and reproductive parameters of virgin males were affected by the number and age of virgin females. Males preferred a female number ≤three-fifths of the male number or ≤2-day-old females, while they discriminated against a female number ≥three times of the male number or ≥5-day-old females. On the other hand, the mating and reproductive parameters of virgin females were affected by repeated single mating and especially multiple mating under different male mating histories. Females preferred once-mated males and discriminated against virgin males. These results indicated that mating systems including more and older virgin females for virgin males and different virgin males for virgin females may be suitable for suppressing G. molesta populations. Hence, these results revealed that preventing mating of virgin adults by synthetic female sex pheromones should be most effective in controlling G. molesta.

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Molecular characterization and functional analysis of a beta‐1,3‐glucan recognition protein from oriental fruit moth Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

Cao,

Vlasenko

et al. 2023

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

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The beta‐1,3‐glucan recognition protein (BGRP) is an important pattern recognition protein (PRP), which plays an important role in immune recognition and signaling pathway of insect innate immunity. Herein, a BGRP gene was obtained from the transcriptome of Grapholita molesta and its expression was verified by PCR. The full cDNA of the GmBGRP gene was 1691 bp encoding 486 amino acid residues. The calculated molecular mass of the mature protein was 54.83 kDa with an estimated pI of 6.14. The amino acid sequence of GmBGRP was highly homologous to BGRPs of other lepidopterans including Leguminivora glycinivorella BGRP‐3. Expression profile of GmBGRP at different developmental stages and different tissues of 5th instar larvae showed that the expression level of this gene tends to slightly increase and then decrease at the adult stage, with the highest at the pupa stage; and mainly expressed in the epidermis, fat body and hemocytes compared with other tissues. In addition, we investigated the transcription levels of other immune‐related genes, such as Serine‐1, Serine‐2, Serine‐3, Serpin, SRCB (scavenger receptor gene), Toll, PPO (prophenoloxidase) upon GmBGRP gene silencing, indicating that GmBGRP expression is associated with immune responses of G. molesta. This was further supported by the upregulation of the mRNA level of GmBGRP following fungal infection. Taken together, these results provide experimental evidence for the role of GmBGRP gene in immune defense in G. molesta larvae.

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Emergence and mating behavior of the oriental fruit mothCydia molesta(Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and its potential for reproduction

Cited by 9 publications

References 31 publications

Behavioral effects of different attractants on adult male and female oriental fruit moths, Grapholita molesta

Behavioral effects of different attractants on adult male and female oriental fruit moths, Grapholita molesta

Effects of operational sex ratio, mating age, and male mating history on mating and reproductive behavior inGrapholita molesta

Molecular characterization and functional analysis of a beta‐1,3‐glucan recognition protein from oriental fruit moth Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

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