Emergence and Evolution of the Circadian Rhythm of Melatonin in Children

Ardura, J; Gutierrez, Regina; Andrés, José Onofre Montesa; Agapito, Teresa

doi:10.1159/000068571

Cited by 54 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In humans, melatonin plays a role in entraining the circadian system (Reiter, 1991). The fact that newborns do not have an established circadian melatonin rhythm, which appears later, at 3-4 months of age, and matures in childhood, concords with our observation on melatonin biosynthesis fluctuation (Ardura et al, 2003).…”

Section: Functional Maturation Of the Gut Microbiomesupporting

confidence: 78%

Dynamics and Stabilization of the Human Gut Microbiome during the First Year of Life

Bäckhed

Roswall

Peng

et al. 2015

Cell Host & Microbe

2,291

156

1,822

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The gut microbiota is central to human health, but its establishment in early life has not been quantitatively and functionally examined. Applying metagenomic analysis on fecal samples from a large cohort of Swedish infants and their mothers, we characterized the gut microbiome during the first year of life and assessed the impact of mode of delivery and feeding on its establishment. In contrast to vaginally delivered infants, the gut microbiota of infants delivered by C-section showed significantly less resemblance to their mothers. Nutrition had a major impact on early microbiota composition and function, with cessation of breast-feeding, rather than introduction of solid food, being required for maturation into an adult-like microbiota. Microbiota composition and ecological network had distinctive features at each sampled stage, in accordance with functional maturation of the microbiome. Our findings establish a framework for understanding the interplay between the gut microbiome and the human body in early life.

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Section: Functional Maturation Of the Gut Microbiomesupporting

confidence: 78%

Dynamics and Stabilization of the Human Gut Microbiome during the First Year of Life

Bäckhed

Roswall

Peng

et al. 2015

Cell Host & Microbe

2,291

156

1,822

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Thus, the fetal pineal gland, although active, does not secrete aMT during this period in a rhythmic manner. The fetus' own circadian melatonin rhythm appears at the end of the neonatal period and persists thereafter [18] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melatonin Levels during the First Week of Life and Their Relation with the Antioxidant Response in the Perinatal Period

et al. 2007

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Aim: Melatonin is a potent free radical scavenger and an indirect antioxidant. Knowledge about the behavior of melatonin secretion in the early neonatal period, which may relate to its properties at a vital stage during very high antioxidant demands, is limited. Patients and Methods: We studied 35 newborns admitted to the Neonatal Unit with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and with no signs of sepsis, severe anemia, hemodynamic compromise or malformation. The gestational age of the newborns was 26–40 weeks (mean value 32.5 weeks) and the weight at birth was 870–4,400 g (mean value 1,800 g). They were classified into two groups: ≤1,500 g or >1,500 g birthweight. In all cases, at 09:00 h on their 1st, 3rd and 7th days of life, serum melatonin was measured by RIA. The clinical history was recorded and treatment and follow-up were performed according to established neonatology practice, and the resultant data recorded. Informed consent from the parents or guardians was obtained in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Statistical analysis was carried out using ANOVA-II (factor I: day of sample; factor II: birthweight). Results: There were significant increases in melatonin levels with increasing birthweight (p = 0.017), but no changes by day of sample. Although in both study groups melatonin levels increased during the first few days this was not statistically significant. Conclusions: In newborns of low birthweight, we report high melatonin concentrations in the morning and during the first week of life. These increase with maturation, and at full-term were similar to nocturnal levels during the acrophase of pineal gland secretion in toddlers and schoolage children, when pineal gland secretion is maximal and takes place reflecting environmental variations. In the early neonatal period these high levels of melatonin seem to derive from extrapineal sources, which mature to provide antioxidant protection in accordance with other elements of the antioxidant network to compensate for the high levels of oxidative stress that are present in the perinatal period.

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“…28 Melatonin is produced in cells of the gastrointestinal mucosa and seems to be related to periodicity of food intake. 28 Melatonin levels seem to be higher after midnight 29 and peak at 4:00 am. 30 However, if already low concentrations affect gastric emptying, this could be a part of the explanation for a reversed dawn phenomenon, as the rise in melatonin comes after 8:00 pm according to one study of children aged 6-11 years.…”

Section: Conrad and Colleaguesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Insulin Doses before and One Year after Pump Start: Children Have a Reversed Dawn Phenomenon

Nicolajsen

Samuelsson

Hanås

2012

J Diabetes Sci Technol

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Abbreviations: (HbA1c) hemoglobin A1c, (MDI) multiple daily injections, (PG) plasma glucose, (REM) rapid eye movement, (TDD) total daily dose Keywords: basal rate, bolus doses, children, dawn phenomenon, diabetes, insulin pump Abstract Objective:We aimed to investigate the basal rate and bolus doses in children and adolescents at the start of insulin pump therapy and after 1 year of use. Patients and Methods:Case records from 29 children and adolescents were examined. All pumps were started with rapid-acting insulin (Humalog). Patients were aged 13.1 ± 3.9 years, with a diabetes duration of 5.4 ± 4.1 years at pump start. Sixteen pumps were started for high hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c; >8.8%, 73 mmol/mol) and 13 for other reasons. Results:Basal rates declined in both groups by 20% at 3 days after pump start. The bolus doses were reduced by 25-30% when the indication was high HbA1c and by 15% in the others. After 1 year, there was a significant difference in the basal rate between age groups. The 3-9-year-old age group had higher basal rates during the late evening (10:00 PM-12:00 AM), while the 15-21-year-old age group had higher basal rates in the early morning (3:00 AM-7:00 AM). Conclusions:Insulin doses are reduced considerably when starting with a pump in pediatric practice. Younger children needed higher basal rates late in the evening (reversed dawn phenomenon), while older teenagers seem to need an increase in the morning, which may correspond to a true dawn phenomenon.

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Emergence and Evolution of the Circadian Rhythm of Melatonin in Children

Cited by 54 publications

References 22 publications

Dynamics and Stabilization of the Human Gut Microbiome during the First Year of Life

Dynamics and Stabilization of the Human Gut Microbiome during the First Year of Life

Melatonin Levels during the First Week of Life and Their Relation with the Antioxidant Response in the Perinatal Period

Insulin Doses before and One Year after Pump Start: Children Have a Reversed Dawn Phenomenon

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